Anonymous Þulur, Kvenna heiti ókend

Elena Gurevich

Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Kvenna heiti ókend — Þul Kvenna II^III

Elena Gurevich 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Kvenna heiti ókend’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 959. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=3242> (accessed 2 May 2024)

This þula (Þul Kvenna II) is recorded only in ms. A of Skm (SnE). It is one of the three þulur whose headings announce that they contain heiti for ‘women’ (see also Introductions to Þul Kvenna I and Þul Women). But, unlike the poetic synonyms in the other þulur, the words listed below are not heiti proper, i.e. terms for ‘women’ intended to be used as such, but rather terms that occur regularly as base-words in kennings for ‘woman’. The title of this list is Kvenna heiti ókend ‘Woman-names lacking a determinant’ (see Introduction to Þul Kvenna I). Accordingly, most of the names recorded here belong to one of the three groups of heiti that supply the traditional kenning types in which woman is referred to by proper names of pagan goddesses (Ásynja heiti), terms for ‘land’ or various kinds of landscape (Jarðar heiti) and all sorts of feminine tree-names (Viðar heiti). Most of these heiti are therefore also recorded in other þulur (Þul Ásynja, Þul Jarðar and Þul Viðar), although some of them are not; e.g. of the thirteen names of mythical women listed in st. 1, three are missing in Þul Ásynja: Sif (wife of Þórr), Bestla (Óðinn’s mother) and Laufey (Loki’s mother) (st. 1/4, 5, 8). Further, not all the words in this catalogue actually occur as a base-word in woman-kennings (e.g. the four mythical women Sigyn, Iðunn, Bestla and Laufey, st. 1/3, 4, 5, 8). In the þulur-sequence, Þul Kvenna II is preceded by Þul Fugla and followed by Þul Hugar ok hjarta. The þula is not recorded in LaufE or RE 1665.

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