ÞGísl Búdr 3I
Emily Lethbridge (ed.) 2012, ‘Þorkell Gíslason, Búadrápa 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 944.
Bôru ‘carried’
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
raukn ‘The draught animals’
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2. raukn (noun n.): draught animal
kennings
Raukn rasta‘The draught animals of currents ’
= SHIPS
The draught animals of currents → SHIPS
notes
[1] raukn rasta ‘the draught animals of currents [SHIPS]’: The kenning is consonant with st. 2/2 marir barða ‘stallions of the stems’ and st. 2/6 brimdýr ‘surf-animals’; collectively they evoke an image of powerful movement over water.
rasta ‘of currents’
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2. rǫst (noun f.; °; gen. rasta): current
kennings
Raukn rasta‘The draught animals of currents ’
= SHIPS
The draught animals of currents → SHIPS
notes
[1] rasta ‘of currents’: For this sense of rǫst f., and its use in ship-kennings, see LP: 2. rǫst. — [1] raukn rasta ‘the draught animals of currents [SHIPS]’: The kenning is consonant with st. 2/2 marir barða ‘stallions of the stems’ and st. 2/6 brimdýr ‘surf-animals’; collectively they evoke an image of powerful movement over water.
rasta ‘of currents’
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2. rǫst (noun f.; °; gen. rasta): current
kennings
Raukn rasta‘The draught animals of currents ’
= SHIPS
The draught animals of currents → SHIPS
notes
[1] rasta ‘of currents’: For this sense of rǫst f., and its use in ship-kennings, see LP: 2. rǫst. — [1] raukn rasta ‘the draught animals of currents [SHIPS]’: The kenning is consonant with st. 2/2 marir barða ‘stallions of the stems’ and st. 2/6 brimdýr ‘surf-animals’; collectively they evoke an image of powerful movement over water.
rekka ‘warriors’
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rekkr (noun m.; °; -ar): man, champion
geðfasta ‘the mind-firm’
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geðfastr (adj.): mind-firm
notes
[2] geðfasta ‘mind-firm’: Applied to the rekka ‘warriors’ in the force of the Jómsvíkingar, this may specifically recall the vows that gave rise to this expedition (see Context to st. 1).
þrǫng ‘closed’
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þrøngva (verb): press, throng
rym ‘the clatter’
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rymr (noun m.): roar
kennings
rym randa.‘the clatter of shields ’
= BATTLE
the clatter of shields → BATTLE
randa ‘of shields’
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rǫnd (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; rendr/randir): shield, shield-rim
kennings
rym randa.‘the clatter of shields ’
= BATTLE
the clatter of shields → BATTLE
til ‘to’
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til (prep.): to
ræsis ‘of the ruler [Hákon]’
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ræsir (noun m.): ruler
landa ‘the lands’
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
Við ‘’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
notes
[5] nam við ‘halted’: Norway under Hákon jarl’s rule is lightly personified here.
nam ‘halted’
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1. nema (verb): to take
notes
[5] nam við ‘halted’: Norway under Hákon jarl’s rule is lightly personified here.
notes
[5] víðr (m. nom. sg.) ‘far-reaching’: The adj. qualifies Nóregr ‘Norway’, and could refer either to its long western coastline or to the broad expanse of southern Norway; the most usual sense is ‘broad’ (see LP: víðr). 61’s ‘viði’ could be read as the dat. sg. of viðr m. ‘tree, wood, mast’, but it does not make sense in context.
mǫrgum ‘many’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
vôpn ‘weapons’
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vápn (noun n.; °-s; -): weapon
eru ‘are’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
grimm ‘harsh’
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grimmr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): fierce
tǫrgum ‘targes’
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targa (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): shield
nýtt ‘fresh’
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nýtr (adj.; °compar. -ri, superl. nýztr/nýtastr): useful, able
notes
[7] gafsk ‘were given’: The m. v. form gafsk (so 54, 61) gives excellent sense and is adopted here, as in Fms 12, Skj B and Skald. The pret. indic. form gaf ‘gave’ would require a sg. and animate subject, but there is none in the helmingr (it is retained by Ólafur Halldórsson 2000).
nest ‘provisions’
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nest (noun n.; °-s): provisions
hrǫfnum ‘to ravens’
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hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
Nóregr ‘Norway’
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Noregr (noun m.): Norway
skip ‘ship’
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skip (noun n.; °-s; -): ship < skipstafn (noun m.): [ship-prows]
[8] skip‑: skeiðar‑ 54, Bb
notes
[8] skipstǫfnum ‘ship-prows’: Skeiðarstǫfnum ‘warship-prows’ (so 54, Bb) works equally well and is more specific, but produces a supernumerary syllable.
stǫfnum ‘prows’
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stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow < skipstafn (noun m.): [ship-prows]
notes
[8] skipstǫfnum ‘ship-prows’: Skeiðarstǫfnum ‘warship-prows’ (so 54, Bb) works equally well and is more specific, but produces a supernumerary syllable.
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Stanza 3 follows on directly after the quotation of st. 2, with linking ok enn ‘and further’ in 61.
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