Kate Heslop (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Erfidrápa Óláfs Tryggvasonar 16’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 422.
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ógnrœðir (noun m.)
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ulfgœðir (noun m.)
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ógnrœðir (noun m.)
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ógrœðir (noun m.): [non-increaser]
[1] Ógrœðir: ‘Ogn røðir’ Holm18, ulfgœðir 310, ‘Ogn rædir’ Flat
[1] ógrœðir ‘the non-increaser’: One who does not increase (his own stock of) jewels because he gives them away, i.e. a generous man. Neither of the minor ms. readings, ulfgœðir m. ‘wolf-enricher’ (the warrior, who provides him with corpses) or, by emendation, ógnreiðir m. ‘battle-swinger’ or perhaps ‘terrifying swinger’, combines convincingly with armgrjóts ‘of arm-gravel [JEWELS]’.
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2. sjá (verb): see
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3. auðr (adj.): empty, barren
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1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm < armgrjót (noun n.)1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm
[2] arm‑: arin‑ 53, 54, Bb
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1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm < armgrjót (noun n.)1. armr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): arm
[2] arm‑: arin‑ 53, 54, Bb
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grjót (noun n.): rock, stone < armgrjót (noun n.)grjót (noun n.): rock, stone < aringrjót (noun n.): hearth?/eagle?-stone
[2] ‑grjóts: ‘griozt’ J1ˣ
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grjót (noun n.): rock, stone < armgrjót (noun n.)grjót (noun n.): rock, stone < aringrjót (noun n.): hearth?/eagle?-stone
[2] ‑grjóts: ‘griozt’ J1ˣ
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1. trana (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): °trane; (om skib)
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1. trana (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): °trane; (om skib)
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2. trani (noun m.; °-a): crane
[2] Trana: Trana so 4‑7, Trǫnu FskAˣ, Holm18, 310, 4‑7, Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 54, Flat, ‘trꜹnnv’ Bb
[2] Trana ‘Trani (“Crane”)’: The name of one of Óláfr’s ships. The m. (Trani) and f. (Trana) forms are used indiscriminately in the prose sources (the ÓTOdd mss disagree). The f. form has the strongest ms. support here and is found, e.g., in Hamð 17, but these f. forms may be scribal, and the m. form is preferred in this edn (as in Skj B), since it is older (CVC: Trani), and indeed m. names of ships prevail up to the C12th (see Note to Rv Lv 8/4II).
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fljóta (verb): flow, float
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[3] hann: herr 53
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rjóða (verb): to redden
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geirr (noun m.): spear
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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gunnr (noun f.): battle
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2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both
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naðr (noun m.): snake
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4. en (conj.): than
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áðr (adv.; °//): before
[5] áðr: so Holm18, 310, 4‑7, Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 54, Bb, Flat, áðr en FskAˣ
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1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle
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1. hjaldr (noun m.): battle < hjaldrþorinn (adj.)
[5] hjaldr‑: so Holm18, 310, 4‑7, Kˣ, F, 61, 53, 54, Bb, Flat, added above the line FskAˣ, hjald J1ˣ, J2ˣ
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-þorinn (adj.): [bold, daring] < hjaldrþorinn (adj.)
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halda (verb): hold, keep
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3. ór (prep.): out of
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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2. æ (adv.): always, forever
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í (prep.): in, into
[6] í: so 4‑7, Kˣ, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, Flat, ‘æ’ FskAˣ, ok Holm18, 53, í corrected to ór in the margin 310, ór 61, 54, Bb
[6] í ‘in’: Ór ‘from’, the reading of most ÓT mss (and added in the margin to 310) is also possible. The phrase it introduces, ramri bǫð ‘fierce battle’, is then a description of what Þorkell heldi undan ‘fled’ from. Ok in 53 and Holm18 (represented by Tironian nota in both cases) are presumably misreadings of their exemplar’s <j> (normalised í) (so Ólafur Halldórsson, ÍF 25).
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bíða (verb; °bíðr; beið, biðu; beðit): wait, suffer, experience
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rammr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): mighty
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snotr (adj.): wise
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af (prep.): from
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1. sigla (noun f.; °-u): mast < sigluotr (noun m.): sail-otter?
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snœri (noun n.; °; -): cable, thong < snœrivitnir (noun m.)
[7] snœri‑: siglu 310, ‘snǫris’ J1ˣ, J2ˣ, snœris 61, 53, 54, Bb
[7] snœrivitni ‘the cable-wolf’: The variant readings otr siglu ‘otter of the mast’ (so 310) and snœriotr ‘cable-otter’ (so Holm18 and Flat, whose text of this stanza is from ÓTOdd rather than ÓT (ÍF 25)), also form ship-kennings, though they give aðalhending in an odd line. Vitru (f. acc. sg.) ‘wisdom’ and fjǫtri (m. dat. sg.) ‘fetter’ are likely to be scribal errors for vitni and [snœris]otri (with a long second <s>) respectively.
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1. vitra (noun f.; °-u): [wisdom] < 1. snœrivitra (noun f.): ?cable-wisdom
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vitnir (noun m.): wolf < snœrivitnir (noun m.)vitnir (noun m.): wolf < snœrivitnir (noun m.)
[7] ‑vitni: otri Holm18, 310, Flat, vitru 4‑7, fjǫtri 53
[7] snœrivitni ‘the cable-wolf’: The variant readings otr siglu ‘otter of the mast’ (so 310) and snœriotr ‘cable-otter’ (so Holm18 and Flat, whose text of this stanza is from ÓTOdd rather than ÓT (ÍF 25)), also form ship-kennings, though they give aðalhending in an odd line. Vitru (f. acc. sg.) ‘wisdom’ and fjǫtri (m. dat. sg.) ‘fetter’ are likely to be scribal errors for vitni and [snœris]otri (with a long second <s>) respectively.
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sund (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, strait; swimming
[7] snœrivitni ‘the cable-wolf’: The variant readings otr siglu ‘otter of the mast’ (so 310) and snœriotr ‘cable-otter’ (so Holm18 and Flat, whose text of this stanza is from ÓTOdd rather than ÓT (ÍF 25)), also form ship-kennings, though they give aðalhending in an odd line. Vitru (f. acc. sg.) ‘wisdom’ and fjǫtri (m. dat. sg.) ‘fetter’ are likely to be scribal errors for vitni and [snœris]otri (with a long second <s>) respectively. — [8] sunds ‘of the sea’: It is not obvious where this gen. noun fits in the syntax. (a) In the Text above, sunds forms an overloaded ship-kenning with snœrivitni, ‘(on the) cable-wolf of the sea’. Parallels, albeit somewhat distant ones, are assembled at Meissner 42. (b) Following Ólafur Halldórsson (ÍF 25), sunds could be taken as an adverbial gen. of direction (cf. NS §141); a possible parallel is Gsind Hákdr 6/8 sunda, if this is adverbial ‘through sounds’ (so Poole 2004). (c) Sunds could mean ‘swimming’. Hkr seems to take this as a reference to Þorkell’s means of escape; cf. Hkr’s reading af in l. 7, suggesting Þorkell flees from, rather than on, the ship (ÍF 26; Hkr 1991; cf. ÍF 29), while Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SHI 3) suggested snotr sunds ‘wise (i.e. skilled) at swimming’ (see Hkr 1893-1901, IV for Finnur Jónsson’s response).
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sund (noun n.; °-s; -): sound, strait; swimming
[7] snœrivitni ‘the cable-wolf’: The variant readings otr siglu ‘otter of the mast’ (so 310) and snœriotr ‘cable-otter’ (so Holm18 and Flat, whose text of this stanza is from ÓTOdd rather than ÓT (ÍF 25)), also form ship-kennings, though they give aðalhending in an odd line. Vitru (f. acc. sg.) ‘wisdom’ and fjǫtri (m. dat. sg.) ‘fetter’ are likely to be scribal errors for vitni and [snœris]otri (with a long second <s>) respectively. — [8] sunds ‘of the sea’: It is not obvious where this gen. noun fits in the syntax. (a) In the Text above, sunds forms an overloaded ship-kenning with snœrivitni, ‘(on the) cable-wolf of the sea’. Parallels, albeit somewhat distant ones, are assembled at Meissner 42. (b) Following Ólafur Halldórsson (ÍF 25), sunds could be taken as an adverbial gen. of direction (cf. NS §141); a possible parallel is Gsind Hákdr 6/8 sunda, if this is adverbial ‘through sounds’ (so Poole 2004). (c) Sunds could mean ‘swimming’. Hkr seems to take this as a reference to Þorkell’s means of escape; cf. Hkr’s reading af in l. 7, suggesting Þorkell flees from, rather than on, the ship (ÍF 26; Hkr 1991; cf. ÍF 29), while Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SHI 3) suggested snotr sunds ‘wise (i.e. skilled) at swimming’ (see Hkr 1893-1901, IV for Finnur Jónsson’s response).
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Þórketill (noun m.): Þorkell, Þorketill
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undan (adv.): away, away from
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
The battle has turned against Óláfr’s forces, and a certain Þorkell escapes: either Þorkell nefja ‘Nose’, Óláfr’s half-brother (Hkr, Fsk, ÓT) or Þorkell dyrðill ‘Cloak’, a prominent man in Óláfr’s retinue (ÓTOdd). ÓTOdd specifies that Óláfr commanded Þorkell to take the wounded and dead ashore on Trana/Trani; Hkr and ÓT say that he was the last to flee.
Ms. 22ˣ is a secondary ms. of ÓT, but at this point it has marginalia apparently copied from a now lost leaf of the Hkr ms. 39 (Ólafur Halldórsson 1976; ÓT 1958-2000, III, ccx). Variants from this are cited where available, here and in sts 18, 20-2, with the siglum 22ˣmarg.
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