Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Øxarflokkr 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 145.
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gefa (verb): give
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sás (conj.): the one who
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ofra (verb): raise up, exalt
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ógn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): terror, battle < ógnprúðr (adj.)
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prúðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): magnificent, proud < ógnprúðr (adj.)
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1. Vanr (noun m.; °; -ir): [Vanr, Vanir]
[2] brúðar Vana ‘of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja]’: The Vanir were a family of gods in Old Norse myth that included Njǫrðr, Freyr and Freyja.
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1. Vanr (noun m.; °; -ir): [Vanr, Vanir]
[2] brúðar Vana ‘of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja]’: The Vanir were a family of gods in Old Norse myth that included Njǫrðr, Freyr and Freyja.
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brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride
[2] brúðar Vana ‘of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja]’: The Vanir were a family of gods in Old Norse myth that included Njǫrðr, Freyr and Freyja.
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brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride
[2] brúðar Vana ‘of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja]’: The Vanir were a family of gods in Old Norse myth that included Njǫrðr, Freyr and Freyja.
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
[3] Váfaðar þingþrøngvir ‘compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR]’: If the reading of U, þings ‘of the assembly’, is adopted, tmesis can be avoided (þrøngvir þings Váfaðar ‘the compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr’, see NN §2008H), but that reading is not supported by the other ms. witnesses. For the Óðinn-name Váfuðr, see Note to Þul Óðins 5/7.
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þróttr (noun m.): strength, might, valour < þróttǫflugr (adj.)
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ǫflugr (adj.): mighty, strong < þróttǫflugr (adj.)
[4] ‑ǫflga: so all others, ‘ꜹfla’ R
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
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dóttir (noun f.; °dóttur, dat. dóttur/dǿtr/dóttir, acc. dóttur/dóttir, nom. dóttir/dóttur; dǿtr, gen. dǿtra (cf. [$1592$])): daughter
[4] dóttur: dóttir U
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ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden
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mækir (noun m.): sword
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mækir (noun m.): sword
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1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting < mótvaldr (noun m.)
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1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting < mótvaldr (noun m.)
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valdr (noun m.): ruler < mótvaldr (noun m.)
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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Gefn (noun f.): Gefn
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glóð (noun f.): ember
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2. drífa (verb; °drífr; dreif, drifu; drifinn): drive, rush
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
[8] svana Gautreks ‘of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS]’: For kennings for ‘ship’ in which the base-word is a species of bird, see Meissner 208, 216. Ships could also have birds’ names, e.g. Óláfr Tryggvason’s Trani or Trana ‘the Crane’ (see Note to Hfr ErfÓl 16/2I). For the sea-king Gautrekr, see Note to Þul Sækonunga 5/3.
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1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away
[8] svana brautar: ‘svan[…]ravtar’ U
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1. braut (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ir): path, way; away
[8] svana brautar: ‘svan[…]ravtar’ U
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Gaf, sás erring ofrar, |
The battle-proud compeller of the assembly of Váfuðr <= Óðinn> [(lit. ‘Váfuðr’s assembly-compeller’) BATTLE > WARRIOR], who displays courage, gave me the mightily strong daughter of the Vanir’s consort [= Freyja > = Hnoss (hnoss ‘treasure’)]. The powerful controller of the meeting of the sword [(lit. ‘meeting-controller of the sword’) BATTLE > WARRIOR] led the girl of Gefn <= Freyja> [= Hnoss (hnoss ‘treasure’)], covered with embers of the road of Gautrekr’s <sea-king’s> swans [SHIPS > SEA > GOLD], to the poet’s bed.
Gefn and brúðr Vana ‘consort, bride of the Vanir’ are given in Skm as a heiti and a kenning for the goddess Freyja.
In both helmingar there seems to be a double entendre of a sexual nature, in which a warrior gives the poet a treasure, Hnoss, a female supernatural being, leading her to his bed (cf. SnSt Ht 49). — As in sts 3 and 4 above, Einarr plays on the name of Freyja’s daughter, Hnoss, in two ofljóst constructions, dóttur brúðar Vana ‘the daughter of the Vanir’s consort’ (ll. 2, 4) and mey Gefnar ‘the girl of Gefn’ (ll. 5, 7). — The stanza follows st. 4 above, connected by ok enn svá ‘and again thus’ (R, Tˣ, W) or ok enn segir hann ‘and again he says’ (U).
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