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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon (FoGT) 9^III

Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Lausavísur, Stanzas from the Fourth Grammatical Treatise 9’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 583.

Anonymous Lausavísur Stanzas from the Fourth Grammatical Treatise

Mari ‘to the horse’

(not checked:)
2. marr (noun m.): horse

kennings

mari vers
‘to the horse of the sea.’
= SHIP
to the horse of the sea. → SHIP

sendu ‘sent’

(not checked:)
senda (verb): send

vers ‘of the sea’

(not checked:)
1. ver (noun n.; °-s; dat. -jum/-um): sea

kennings

mari vers
‘to the horse of the sea.’
= SHIP
to the horse of the sea. → SHIP

vinda ‘winds’

(not checked:)
1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind

veitendr ‘The givers’

(not checked:)
veitandi (noun m.; °-a; veitendr): granter

kennings

Veitendr leita Góins
‘The givers of the mounds of Góinn ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the mounds of Góinn → GOLD
The givers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

Góins ‘of Góinn’

(not checked:)
Góinn (noun m.): Góinn

kennings

Veitendr leita Góins
‘The givers of the mounds of Góinn ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the mounds of Góinn → GOLD
The givers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

notes

[2] Góins ‘of Góinn <serpent>’: For Góinn, see Note to Þul Orma 2/2 (see also Note to st. 8/2 above).

Góins ‘of Góinn’

(not checked:)
Góinn (noun m.): Góinn

kennings

Veitendr leita Góins
‘The givers of the mounds of Góinn ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the mounds of Góinn → GOLD
The givers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

notes

[2] Góins ‘of Góinn <serpent>’: For Góinn, see Note to Þul Orma 2/2 (see also Note to st. 8/2 above).

leita ‘of the mounds’

(not checked:)
leiti (noun n.; °-s; -): mound, hill

kennings

Veitendr leita Góins
‘The givers of the mounds of Góinn ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the mounds of Góinn → GOLD
The givers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

leita ‘of the mounds’

(not checked:)
leiti (noun n.; °-s; -): mound, hill

kennings

Veitendr leita Góins
‘The givers of the mounds of Góinn ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the mounds of Góinn → GOLD
The givers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

This couplet follows straight after st. 8, introduced with the words ok í oðrvm stað er sama figvra ‘and in another place there is the same figure’. After the couplet the following explanation ensues: Her er sagt at vindarner væri sender skipínv, þar sem at rettv var skipit sent vindvnvm, þat er at skilia út sett iþeirra valld ęðr stíorn ‘Here it is said that the winds were sent to the ship, whereas rightly the ship was sent to the winds, that is to be understood as placed in their power or control’.

This couplet and that following were clearly produced by the author of FoGT (or by someone else at his request) to provide Icelandic examples of hypallage, a figure that is rare or absent in skaldic poetry. Évrard of Béthune’s Graecismus (Wrobel 1887, 5, l. 39) offers the example trade rati ventos ‘give winds to the boat’, and a similarly nautical example appears in Isidore of Seville’s Etymologiae (Isidore, Etym. 1.36.22), dare classibus Austros ‘to give south winds to the fleets’ (Virgil Aeneid III, 61).

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