Kate Heslop (ed.) 2017, ‘Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Hákonardrápa 8’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 224.
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breiðleitr (adj.): [broad-faced]
[1] breiðleita ‘broad-faced’: This epithet, otherwise unattested in poetry, probably suggests the expanse of Hákon’s realm (LP: breiðleitr). It seems nowhere else to be applied to a female being (ONP: breiðleitr); contra Steinsland (1991, 124) it is not used of giants, male or female. This disjunctiveness, albeit mild in comparison to the ‘hair/foliage’ epithets in sts 5 and 7, like them hints that the subject is not an ordinary human or divine woman. Frank’s (1978, 64) suggestion that Jǫrð is portrayed here as a ‘broadfaced peasant girl’ is not convincing; the stereotyped female peasants in Rþ 10 and 13, for example, are quite different, and the epithet is always used positively.
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2. geta (verb): to beget, give birth to, mention, speak of; to think well of, like, love
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brúðr (noun f.; °brúðar, dat. & acc. brúði; brúðir): woman, bride
[2] Báleygs ‘of Báleygr <= Óðinn>’: Lit. ‘fiery-eyed one’ (cf. Note to Þul Óðins 6/3), a comparatively rare Óðinn-heiti.
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
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stǫð (noun f.; °; -var): harbour
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stǫð (noun f.; °; -var): harbour
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Hrafn (noun m.): Hrafn
[3] Hrafna ‘of the Hrafnar <legendary horses>’: Hrafn is the horse of the legendary King Áli (cf. Note to Anon Kálfv 3 [All], as well as Þul Hesta 3/2 and Anon Þorgþ I 1/1). The base-word could alternatively be hrafn ‘raven’, although ship-kennings based on birds are rare (cf. Meissner 210, 216). For another instance in which the horse-name occurs in the pl. in a kenning, see Eskál Vell 9/1, 3, 4I and Note there.
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Hrafn (noun m.): Hrafn
[3] Hrafna ‘of the Hrafnar <legendary horses>’: Hrafn is the horse of the legendary King Áli (cf. Note to Anon Kálfv 3 [All], as well as Þul Hesta 3/2 and Anon Þorgþ I 1/1). The base-word could alternatively be hrafn ‘raven’, although ship-kennings based on birds are rare (cf. Meissner 210, 216). For another instance in which the horse-name occurs in the pl. in a kenning, see Eskál Vell 9/1, 3, 4I and Note there.
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1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow
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ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power < ríkismál (noun n.)
[4] ríkis‑: ‘[…]íki[…]’ W, ríks at B
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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter < ríkismál (noun n.)
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Cited in Skm straight after st. 7, this half-stanza also exemplifies kennings for jǫrð ‘earth’, in this case brúðr Báleygs ‘bride of Báleygr’.
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