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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Anon (TGT) 12^III

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Lausavísur, Stanzas from the Third Grammatical Treatise 12’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 545.

Anonymous Lausavísur Stanzas from the Third Grammatical Treatise

Hring ‘The ring’

(not checked:)
1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringtælir (noun m.): [ring-trickster]

kennings

Hringtælir
‘The ring-trickster ’
= GENEROUS MAN
The ring-trickster → GENEROUS MAN

tælir ‘trickster’

(not checked:)
tælir (noun m.): [beguiler] < hringtælir (noun m.): [ring-trickster]

kennings

Hringtælir
‘The ring-trickster ’
= GENEROUS MAN
The ring-trickster → GENEROUS MAN

gaf ‘gave’

(not checked:)
gefa (verb): give

hálu ‘troll-woman’

(not checked:)
hála (noun f.): ogress, troll-woman

kennings

dýra hálu hlýrsólar;
‘a precious troll-woman of the prow-sun; ’
= AXE
the prow-sun; → SHIELD
a precious troll-woman of the SHIELD → AXE

hlýr ‘of the prow’

(not checked:)
2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow < hlýrsól (noun f.): [prow-sun]

kennings

dýra hálu hlýrsólar;
‘a precious troll-woman of the prow-sun; ’
= AXE
the prow-sun; → SHIELD
a precious troll-woman of the SHIELD → AXE

hlýr ‘of the prow’

(not checked:)
2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow < hlýrsól (noun f.): [prow-sun]

kennings

dýra hálu hlýrsólar;
‘a precious troll-woman of the prow-sun; ’
= AXE
the prow-sun; → SHIELD
a precious troll-woman of the SHIELD → AXE

sólar ‘sun’

(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun < hlýrsól (noun f.): [prow-sun]

kennings

dýra hálu hlýrsólar;
‘a precious troll-woman of the prow-sun; ’
= AXE
the prow-sun; → SHIELD
a precious troll-woman of the SHIELD → AXE

sólar ‘sun’

(not checked:)
sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun < hlýrsól (noun f.): [prow-sun]

kennings

dýra hálu hlýrsólar;
‘a precious troll-woman of the prow-sun; ’
= AXE
the prow-sun; → SHIELD
a precious troll-woman of the SHIELD → AXE

mér ‘me’

(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

dýra ‘a precious’

(not checked:)
dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious

kennings

dýra hálu hlýrsólar;
‘a precious troll-woman of the prow-sun; ’
= AXE
the prow-sun; → SHIELD
a precious troll-woman of the SHIELD → AXE

oss ‘our’

(not checked:)
vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our

kom ‘came’

(not checked:)
koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

Hrund ‘the Hrund’

(not checked:)
Hrund (noun f.): Runde, Hrund, valkyrie

kennings

Hrund hræpolls,
‘the Hrund of the carrion-pool, ’
= AXE
the carrion-pool, → BLOOD
the Hrund of the BLOOD → AXE

til ‘into’

(not checked:)
til (prep.): to

handa ‘hands’

(not checked:)
hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand

hræ ‘of the carrion’

(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræpollr (noun m.): [carrion-pool]

kennings

Hrund hræpolls,
‘the Hrund of the carrion-pool, ’
= AXE
the carrion-pool, → BLOOD
the Hrund of the BLOOD → AXE

hræ ‘of the carrion’

(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion < hræpollr (noun m.): [carrion-pool]

kennings

Hrund hræpolls,
‘the Hrund of the carrion-pool, ’
= AXE
the carrion-pool, → BLOOD
the Hrund of the BLOOD → AXE

polls ‘pool’

(not checked:)
pollr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): pool < hræpollr (noun m.): [carrion-pool]

kennings

Hrund hræpolls,
‘the Hrund of the carrion-pool, ’
= AXE
the carrion-pool, → BLOOD
the Hrund of the BLOOD → AXE

polls ‘pool’

(not checked:)
pollr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): pool < hræpollr (noun m.): [carrion-pool]

kennings

Hrund hræpolls,
‘the Hrund of the carrion-pool, ’
= AXE
the carrion-pool, → BLOOD
the Hrund of the BLOOD → AXE

drifin ‘decorated’

(not checked:)
2. drífa (verb; °drífr; dreif, drifu; drifinn): drive, rush

golli ‘with gold’

(not checked:)
gull (noun n.): gold

sút ‘the sorrow’

(not checked:)
1. sút (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sorrow

[5] sút: so W, sótt A

kennings

sút hattar Herjans …
‘the sorrow of Herjann’s hat … ’
= WEAPON
Herjann’s hat … → HELMET
the sorrow of the HELMET → WEAPON

notes

[5] sút ‘the sorrow’: So W. The A variant, sótt ‘illness, distress’, could conceivably also be construed as a base-word in a kenning for ‘weapon’, although the word is not otherwise attested as a base-word in weapon-kennings (see LP: sótt; Meissner 156). — [5] sút hattar Herjans ‘the sorrow of Herjann’s <= Óðinn’s> hat [HELMET > WEAPON]’: This kenning could just as well refer to a sword as to an axe (see Introduction to ESk Øxfl). With this kenning, the imagery of the stanza is changed, resulting in finngálknat or nykrat (see SnE 2007, 7).

sút ‘the sorrow’

(not checked:)
1. sút (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sorrow

[5] sút: so W, sótt A

kennings

sút hattar Herjans …
‘the sorrow of Herjann’s hat … ’
= WEAPON
Herjann’s hat … → HELMET
the sorrow of the HELMET → WEAPON

notes

[5] sút ‘the sorrow’: So W. The A variant, sótt ‘illness, distress’, could conceivably also be construed as a base-word in a kenning for ‘weapon’, although the word is not otherwise attested as a base-word in weapon-kennings (see LP: sótt; Meissner 156). — [5] sút hattar Herjans ‘the sorrow of Herjann’s <= Óðinn’s> hat [HELMET > WEAPON]’: This kenning could just as well refer to a sword as to an axe (see Introduction to ESk Øxfl). With this kenning, the imagery of the stanza is changed, resulting in finngálknat or nykrat (see SnE 2007, 7).

þás ‘when’

(not checked:)
þás (conj.): when

notes

[5] þás ‘when’: As Finnur Jónsson (TGT 1927, 98) points out, this could also be a rel. construction, f. acc. sg. ‘which’, referring back to hálu ‘troll-woman’ (l. 1).

Herjans ‘of Herjann’s’

(not checked:)
2. Herjann (noun m.): Herjann

kennings

sút hattar Herjans …
‘the sorrow of Herjann’s hat … ’
= WEAPON
Herjann’s hat … → HELMET
the sorrow of the HELMET → WEAPON

notes

[5] sút hattar Herjans ‘the sorrow of Herjann’s <= Óðinn’s> hat [HELMET > WEAPON]’: This kenning could just as well refer to a sword as to an axe (see Introduction to ESk Øxfl). With this kenning, the imagery of the stanza is changed, resulting in finngálknat or nykrat (see SnE 2007, 7).

Herjans ‘of Herjann’s’

(not checked:)
2. Herjann (noun m.): Herjann

kennings

sút hattar Herjans …
‘the sorrow of Herjann’s hat … ’
= WEAPON
Herjann’s hat … → HELMET
the sorrow of the HELMET → WEAPON

notes

[5] sút hattar Herjans ‘the sorrow of Herjann’s <= Óðinn’s> hat [HELMET > WEAPON]’: This kenning could just as well refer to a sword as to an axe (see Introduction to ESk Øxfl). With this kenning, the imagery of the stanza is changed, resulting in finngálknat or nykrat (see SnE 2007, 7).

hattar ‘hat’

(not checked:)
1. hǫttr (noun m.): hood, hat

kennings

sút hattar Herjans …
‘the sorrow of Herjann’s hat … ’
= WEAPON
Herjann’s hat … → HELMET
the sorrow of the HELMET → WEAPON

notes

[5] sút hattar Herjans ‘the sorrow of Herjann’s <= Óðinn’s> hat [HELMET > WEAPON]’: This kenning could just as well refer to a sword as to an axe (see Introduction to ESk Øxfl). With this kenning, the imagery of the stanza is changed, resulting in finngálknat or nykrat (see SnE 2007, 7).

hattar ‘hat’

(not checked:)
1. hǫttr (noun m.): hood, hat

kennings

sút hattar Herjans …
‘the sorrow of Herjann’s hat … ’
= WEAPON
Herjann’s hat … → HELMET
the sorrow of the HELMET → WEAPON

notes

[5] sút hattar Herjans ‘the sorrow of Herjann’s <= Óðinn’s> hat [HELMET > WEAPON]’: This kenning could just as well refer to a sword as to an axe (see Introduction to ESk Øxfl). With this kenning, the imagery of the stanza is changed, resulting in finngálknat or nykrat (see SnE 2007, 7).

Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses

The axe-kennings hála hlýrsólar ‘the troll-woman of the prow-sun’, Hrund hræpolls ‘the Hrund of the carrion-pool’ and sút hattar Herjans ‘sorrow of Herjann’s hat’ are given in TGT as examples of nykrat or finngálknat ‘monstrosity’ (cacemphaton), i.e. a change of metaphors resulting in inconsistent imagery.

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