Þul Sverða 10^III

Oddr ‘Point’

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oddr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): point of weapon

[1] Oddr: ‘[…]ddr’ B, Oddr 744ˣ

blóðvarta ‘blóðvarta’

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blóðvarta (noun f.)

notes

[1] blóðvarta (f.): An otherwise unattested cpd of uncertain meaning. The first element is blóð n. ‘blood’, and the second means ‘wart’, but it is also attested as a term for something on a ship (see Þul Skipa 8/6 and Notes to Arn Hryn 4/6^II and Þsvart Lv 1/7^II). Falk (1914b, 20 n. 1) tentatively suggests that the word in the present context denotes a strip of patterning on a sword-blade (see also SnE 1998, II, 247). Cf. vartari ‘band’ (see ÍO: varta 2).

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

benknúar ‘wound-knuckles’

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benknúi (noun m.)

notes

[2] benknúar (m. pl.) ‘wound-knuckles’: A cpd not found elsewhere. Falk’s (1914b, 27) suggestion that knúar ‘knuckles’ may refer to hollow knobs on sword-hilts that contained medicine to treat wounds (ben) is not persuasive. See also SnE 1998, II, 242.

blóðrefill ‘sword-point’

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blóðrefill (noun m.; °dat. ·refli): point of sword

[3] blóðrefill: om. Tˣ

blóðvarp ‘blood-warp’

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blóðvarp (noun n.)

notes

[3, 4] blóðvarp ok blóðiða ‘blood-warp and blood-eddy’: Both compounds are f. and they are not attested elsewhere. According to Falk (1914b, 19-20), these terms describe ornamentation of various forms decorating a sword-blade. The second element in blóðvarp must be varp ‘warp (in weaving)’, cf. ModIcel., ModNorw. varp ‘warp’. See also SnE 1998, II, 247.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[4] ok: om. C

notes

[3, 4] blóðvarp ok blóðiða ‘blood-warp and blood-eddy’: Both compounds are f. and they are not attested elsewhere. According to Falk (1914b, 19-20), these terms describe ornamentation of various forms decorating a sword-blade. The second element in blóðvarp must be varp ‘warp (in weaving)’, cf. ModIcel., ModNorw. varp ‘warp’. See also SnE 1998, II, 247.

blóðiða ‘blood-eddy’

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blóðiða (noun f.)

[4] blóðiða: om. Tˣ, ‘blódidía’ C, ‘blodi[…]’ B, blóðiða 744ˣ

notes

[3, 4] blóðvarp ok blóðiða ‘blood-warp and blood-eddy’: Both compounds are f. and they are not attested elsewhere. According to Falk (1914b, 19-20), these terms describe ornamentation of various forms decorating a sword-blade. The second element in blóðvarp must be varp ‘warp (in weaving)’, cf. ModIcel., ModNorw. varp ‘warp’. See also SnE 1998, II, 247.

blóðvaka ‘blood-wake’

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blóðvaka (noun f.; °*-u; *-ur): °drawing of blood

[5] blóðvaka: blóðvarta A, ‘[…]’ B, om. 744ˣ

notes

[5] blóðvaka (f.) ‘blood-wake’: The first element of this cpd is blóð n. ‘blood’ and the second is vaka f. ‘wake, watch’ (cf. ModIcel. blóðvaka ‘bleeding’). According to Falk (1914b, 11 n. 1), the word probably denotes a sword’s point (see also SnE 1998, II, 247). Cf. vekja blóð ‘awaken blood’, i.e. make blood flow. The word does not occur elsewhere as a term for a part of a sword.

ljúgfengr ‘fail-striking one’

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ljúgfengr (noun m.)

[5] ljúgfengr: ‘[…]gfe[…]ngr’ B, ‘..gfenngr’ 744ˣ

notes

[5] ljúgfengr (m.) ‘fail-striking one’: This otherwise unattested cpd most likely refers to an unreliable weapon (SnE 1998, II, 348; cf. ljúgandi hǫgg ‘missing blow’). The first element of the cpd is the stem of the strong verb ljúga ‘lie’ and the second is the adj. ‑fengr ‘obtained’ from the strong verb fá in the sense ‘reach, get at’ (AEW: 3. -fengr; Heggstad et al. 2008: fá 4; see also missifengr ‘mis-hitting one’ in st. 11/4 below and such compounds as bráðfengr ‘quickly obtained’ and seinfengr ‘slowly obtained’). According to Falk (1914b, 55), this term is a sword-heiti and not the name of some part of a sword.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

blóðhnefi ‘blood-fist’

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blóðhnefi (noun m.)

notes

[6] blóðhnefi (m.) ‘blood-fist’: An otherwise unattested cpd. The word could refer to a sword-hilt of a certain shape or with a certain decoration (Falk 1914b, 22). See also hnefi ‘fist’ (st. 4/8).

ið ‘repeated’

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ið- ((prefix)) < iðvarp (noun n.)

notes

[7] iðvarp (n.) ‘repeated-warp’: So A, B, C; a cpd not attested elsewhere. The first element in this cpd, ið-, is an intensifying particle (= Lat. re-) mostly used in poetic compounds; for ‑varp, see Note to blóðvarp ‘blood-warp’ (l. 3 above). This variant is preferred by Falk (1914b, 20), Skj B and Skald. Ms. R has iðhvarf n. ‘repeated-turn’ (adopted in SnE 1998, II, 328). Both words possibly refer to the patterning on a sword-blade.

varp ‘warp’

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varp (noun n.; °; dat. *-um): °net; kast (med fiskenet); fangst; bølgegang; ?kant, ?broderi (cf. Mörður Árnason 2007 varp sb. n. def. 3); ? < iðvarp (noun n.)

[7] ‑varp: so C, A, B, ‑hvarf R, ‘‑þuarr’ Tˣ

notes

[7] iðvarp (n.) ‘repeated-warp’: So A, B, C; a cpd not attested elsewhere. The first element in this cpd, ið-, is an intensifying particle (= Lat. re-) mostly used in poetic compounds; for ‑varp, see Note to blóðvarp ‘blood-warp’ (l. 3 above). This variant is preferred by Falk (1914b, 20), Skj B and Skald. Ms. R has iðhvarf n. ‘repeated-turn’ (adopted in SnE 1998, II, 328). Both words possibly refer to the patterning on a sword-blade.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

brandr ‘blade’

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brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire

eggteinar ‘edge-rims’

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eggteinn (noun m.; °; ·teinar): °steeled edge (of a sword), cutting edge of steel welded onto a sword-blade

notes

[8] eggteinar (m. pl.) ‘edge-rims’: This word is in the pl. and denotes rims of steel welded to the twisted core of the early European sword. The term does not occur in poetry, but it is known from prose sources (Falk 1914b, 17).

folk ‘army’

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folk (noun n.): people

notes

[8] folk (n.) ‘army’: This is probably not a term for a part of a sword, and perhaps the implied meaning of this heiti is ‘sword’ (or it might be an error). It is difficult to explain the semantic development of folk ‘army, warriors’ > ‘sword’, which does not fit the common pattern of pars pro toto (for the discussion of this heiti, see Richardson 1975 and Faulkes in SnE 2007, 65 n. 60/8). Richardson and Faulkes believe that the compiler of the þula may have included this word in the list of sword-heiti owing to a misunderstanding of the line folk í dreyra ‘the army in blood’ in GunnLeif Merl I 66/6^VIII, where folk most likely means ‘army’ and not ‘sword’. See also folk ‘war’ (Þul Orrostu 1/8).