hverjum fráns stígverjandi
‘snake’s path-defender’ = MAN
the path of the snake → GOLD
every defender of the GOLD → MAN
runnr Hamdis bríkr
‘bush of Hamðir’s board’ = MAN
Hamðir’s board → SHIELD
bush of the SHIELD → MAN
geira veðrbjóðandi
‘offerer of the storm of spears’ = MAN
the storm of spears; → BATTLE
offerer of the BATTLE → MAN
eigandi fannar lófa
‘the owner of the snowdrift of the palm’ = MAN
the snowdrift of the palm → SILVER
The owner of the SILVER → MAN
spektarlauss spennir málms
‘The unwise clasper of metal’ = MAN = Maxentius
The unwise clasper of metal → MAN = Maxentius
tínandi seims
‘collector of gold’ = MAN
collector of gold. → MAN
spennir elda hrings eyja
‘the clasper of the fires of the ring of islands’ = MAN = Kálfur Hallson
the ring of islands → SEA
the fires of the SEA → GOLD
the clasper of the GOLD → MAN = Kálfur Hallson
hlynr Draupnis döggvar
‘maple of Draupnir’s dew’ = MAN
Draupnir’s dew, → GOLD
maple of the GOLD → MAN
Baldr eims báru
‘The Baldur of the fire of the wave’ = MAN
the fire of the wave → GOLD
The Baldur of the GOLD → MAN
hvern lundr hjörva
‘each tree of swords’ = MAN
each tree of swords → MAN
Ullr elda elfar
‘An Ullr of the fires of the river’ = MAN
the fires of the river → GOLD
An Ullr of the GOLD → MAN
siðminningr Þróttr seima
‘the faithful Þróttr of riches’ = MAN
The faithful Þróttr of riches → MAN
árr brands
‘the sword-blade’s messenger’ = MAN
the sword-blade’s messenger → MAN
mætum auðgætandi
‘the splendid wealth-guardian’ = MAN
the splendid wealth-guardian → MAN
seimkennandi
‘the gold-tester’ = MAN
the gold-tester → MAN
meiðr mens
‘of the tree of the neck-ring’ = MAN
the tree of the neck-ring → MAN
lundr linna
‘of the tree of snakes’ = MAN
the tree of snakes → MAN
hringþollr hǫppum reifðr
‘the ring-fir, blessed with victories’ = MAN
the ring-fir, blessed with victories, → MAN
hraustr heggr hreins auðar
‘the brave tree of shining wealth’ = MAN
The brave tree of shining wealth → MAN
lundr elds gjalfrs
‘the tree of the fire of the sea’ = MAN
the fire of the sea → GOLD
The tree of the GOLD → MAN
boði ormstalls
‘the messenger of the serpent-lair’ = MAN
the serpent-lair → GOLD
the messenger of the GOLD → MAN
haukborðs hyrgeymir
‘fire-keeper of the hawk-table’ = MAN
the hawk-table → ARM
the fire of the ARM → GOLD
the keeper of the GOLD → MAN
‘beiðir ormstalls
‘‘demander of the serpent-lair’ = MAN
the serpent-lair, → GOLD
‘Demander of the GOLD → MAN
afrendan bǫrr fúrs unnar
‘the powerful tree of the fire of the wave’ = MAN
the fire of the wave. → GOLD
the powerful tree of the GOLD → MAN
geymir hodda
‘the keeper of hoards’ = MAN
The keeper of hoards → MAN
bǫrr seims
‘to the tree of gold’ = MAN
to the tree of gold. → MAN
hugfylldr Baldr hodda
‘the courage-filled Baldr of hoards’ = MAN
The courage-filled Baldr of hoards → MAN
geymir happs
‘the minder of good luck’ = MAN
the minder of good luck → MAN
bragðvíss frár beiðir bjartglóða flóðs
‘the plucky, agile demander of the bright embers of the flood’ = MAN
the bright embers of the flood → GOLD
the plucky, agile demander of the GOLD → MAN
Njǫrðr elda handa
‘the Njǫrðr of the fires of arms’ = MAN
the fires of arms → ARM-RINGS
the Njǫrðr of ARM-RINGS → MAN
beiði-Þrór armlinns
‘the demanding-Þrór of the arm-snake’ = MAN
the arm-snake → ARM-RING
The demanding-Þrór of the ARM-RING → MAN
lýteigs log beiðir
‘fish-field’s fire-demander’ = MAN
the fish-field, → SEA
the fire of the SEA → GOLD
the demander of the GOLD → MAN
alsæmdr lundr auðs
‘the very honourable tree of wealth’ = MAN
the very honourable tree of wealth → MAN
neytir bauga
‘the enjoyer of rings’ = MAN
The enjoyer of rings → MAN
blindr njótr auðar
‘a blind enjoyer of wealth’ = MAN
A blind enjoyer of wealth → MAN
árr orms landa
‘the messenger of the serpent’s lands’ = MAN
the serpent’s lands → GOLD
The messenger of the GOLD → MAN
aumum beiðir auðar
‘of a poor seeker of riches’ = MAN
a poor seeker of riches → MAN
þann njótr hodda
‘that user of treasure’ = MAN
that user of treasure, → MAN
nýtr seimþiggjandi
‘the useful gold-receiver’ = MAN
The useful gold-receiver → MAN
þingdjarfs snyrtir bauga
‘of the battle-brave polisher of rings’ = MAN = Óláfr
the battle-brave polisher of rings → MAN = Óláfr
auðskiptir
‘the wealth-distributor’ = MAN
The wealth-distributor → MAN
fríðum jǫfra heiðar galdrs hlíðrœkjandi
‘slope-cultivator of the chant of the chieftains of the heath’ = MAN
the chieftains of the heath; → GIANTS
the chant of GIANTS → GOLD
the slope of the GOLD → WOMAN
the handsome cultivator of the WOMAN → MAN
Njǫrðr orms alnar
‘of the Njǫrðr of the serpent of the forearm’ = MAN
the serpent of the forearm, → ARM-RING
the Njǫrðr of the ARM-RING → MAN
tínir bauga
‘the gatherer of rings’ = MAN
the gatherer of rings, → MAN
hring-Þróttr
‘the ring-Þróttr’ = MAN
the ring-Þróttr → MAN
… ormlands
‘a … of the snake-land’ = MAN
the snake-land → GOLD
a … of the GOLD → MAN
engum Gautr hrynvengis mens grundar
‘no Gautr of the ringing-land of the necklace of the earth’ = MAN
the necklace of the earth → Miðgarðsormr
the ringing-land of MIÐGARÐSORMR → GOLD
no Gautr of the GOLD → MAN
hverr œski-Þrór unnrǫðla
‘May each craving-Þrór of wave-suns’ = MAN
wave-suns → GOLD
May each craving-Þrór of the GOLD → MAN
skerðir rúghleifa
‘of the cleaver of rye-loaves’ = MAN
the cleaver of rye-loaves. → MAN
men-Týr
‘The Týr of the neck-ring’ = MAN
The Týr of the neck-ring → MAN
sjá hittir hringa
‘that finder of rings’ = MAN
that finder of rings → MAN
beiðir röðuls rastar
‘the demander of the sun of the current’ = MAN
the sun of the current → GOLD
The demander of the GOLD → MAN
siðknár almr bóka
‘the well-behaved elm-tree of books’ = MAN
The well-behaved elm-tree of books → MAN
mætr gætir seima
‘the excellent guardian of gold’ = MAN
the excellent guardian of gold → MAN
sunda sól-Njǫrðr
‘sun-Njörðr of the straits’ = MAN
the sun of the straits → GOLD
The Njörðr of the GOLD → MAN
meiðr gulls
‘the tree of gold’ = MAN
the tree of gold → MAN
‘snyrtir branda beðjar seiða
‘‘polisher of the fires of the bed of coal-fish’ = MAN
the bed of coal-fish, → SEA
the fires of the SEA → GOLD
‘Polisher of the GOLD → MAN
báru bálrunnr
‘flame-bush of the wave’ = MAN
the flame of the wave, → GOLD
bush of the GOLD → MAN
hlynr rauðbliks hranna
‘maple of the red gleam of the waves’ = MAN
the red gleam of the waves, → GOLD
maple of the GOLD → MAN
mætr Gautr gullstaups
‘excellent Gautr of the golden cup’ = MAN
excellent Gautr of the golden cup, → MAN
hlynr láðs góins
‘maple of the land of the snake’ = MAN
the land of the snake?’ → GOLD
maple of the GOLD → MAN
hirðir hringa
‘keeper of rings’ = MAN
keeper of rings’ → MAN
happ-Njǫrðr
‘the luck-Njörðr’ = MAN
the luck-Njörðr. → MAN
sliettrar leiðar skipa sólmeiðr
‘sun-tree of the smooth path of ships’ = MAN
the smooth path of ships → SEA
the sun of the SEA → GOLD
The tree of the GOLD → MAN
njótr vella
‘user of gold’ = MAN
user of gold’. → MAN
Njǫrðr leitis linna
‘The Njörðr of the hill of serpents’ = MAN
the hill of serpents → GOLD
The Njörðr of the GOLD → MAN
hôttnæfr lundr linnvengis
‘the virtuous tree of the serpent-ground’ = MAN
the serpent-ground → GOLD
The virtuous tree of the GOLD → MAN
lyp*ti-Móði farms leggjar
‘the bearing-Móði of the cargo of the arm’ = MAN
the cargo of the arm, → GOLD
the bearing-Móði of the GOLD → MAN
hirðir hringa
‘the keeper of rings’ = MAN
the keeper of rings → MAN
lundr auðs
‘the tree of wealth’ = MAN
The tree of wealth → MAN
engum ǫrsløngvir
‘no arrow-slinger’ = MAN
no arrow-slinger → MAN
þollr látrs blóða linns
‘fir-tree of the lair of the serpent’s brother’ = MAN
the serpent’s brother, → SERPENT
the lair of the SERPENT → GOLD
Fir-tree of the GOLD → MAN
vegstórum baug-Njǫrðr
‘the honourable ring-Njǫrðr’ = MAN = Perus
the honourable ring-Njǫrðr → MAN = Perus
þollr seima
‘fir-tree of gold’ = MAN
fir-tree of gold. → MAN
Baldr hringa
‘Baldr of rings’ = MAN
Baldr of rings; → MAN
lundr læva
‘the tree of deceits’ = MAN = Loki
the tree of deceits. → MAN = Loki
runnr fjarðloga
‘to the bush of the fjord-flame’ = MAN
the fjord-flame → GOLD
to the bush of the GOLD → MAN
ungr þorn auðar
‘the young thorn-tree of treasure’ = MAN
The young thorn-tree of treasure → MAN
menlundr
‘neck-ring tree’ = MAN
neck-ring tree → MAN
flærðarkunnum runnr eisu Ránar
‘the notoriously deceitful tree of the fire of Rán’ = MAN
the fire of Rán. → GOLD
the notoriously deceitful tree of the GOLD → MAN
margdýrr stýrir mundjǫkuls
‘the magnificent controller of hand-icicle’ = MAN
hand-icicle → SILVER
the magnificent controller of the SILVER → MAN
kennir auðar
‘the master of riches’ = MAN
the master of riches → MAN
Týr of bauga
‘of the Týr of rings’ = MAN
the Týr of rings. → MAN
Baldr baugs
‘the Baldr of the ring’ = MAN = Þorkell
the Baldr of the ring → MAN = Þorkell
Freyr fúra mundar
‘the Freyr of flames of the hand’ = MAN = Eindriði
flames of the hand → GOLD
the Freyr of the GOLD → MAN = Eindriði
lundr leggfjǫturs
‘the grove of the limb-fetter’ = MAN
the limb-fetter, → ARM-RING
the grove of the ARM-RING → MAN
rœðinn þollr glaums
‘the talkative pine-tree of revelry’ = MAN
The talkative pine-tree of revelry → MAN
kennir elds Rennandi
‘the master of the fire of Rennandi’ = MAN
the fire of Rennandi → GOLD
the master of the GOLD → MAN
auð-Týr
‘the wealth-Týr’ = MAN
The wealth-Týr → MAN
baugnjótr
‘the ring-user’ = MAN
The ring-user → MAN
óþokkaðr ostmýgir
‘the disliked oppressor of cheese’ = MAN
the disliked oppressor of cheese → MAN
bjúgr saupstríðir
‘the bent tormentor of buttermilk’ = MAN
the bent tormentor of buttermilk → MAN
hlynr svella handar
‘maple of ice-sheets of the hand’ = MAN
ice-sheets of the hand!’ → SILVER
maple of the SILVER → MAN
ǫlna foldar eldrunnr
‘fire-tree of the land of fish’ = MAN
the land of fish → SEA
the fire of the SEA → GOLD
The tree of the GOLD → MAN
hóps hyr-Njǫrðr
‘fire-Njǫrðr of the bay’ = MAN
the fire of the bay, → GOLD
Njǫrðr of the GOLD → MAN
heggr mála Eldis steðja áar
‘to the cherry-tree of the speeches of the Eldir of the anvil of the river’ = MAN
the anvil of the river. → STONE
the Eldir of the STONE → GIANT
the speeches of the GIANT → GOLD
to the cherry-tree of the GOLD → MAN
Baldr bauga
‘of the Baldr of rings’ = MAN
the Baldr of rings → MAN
hugðan prýðir atferðar
‘the courageous adorner of action’ = MAN
the courageous adorner of action. → MAN
meiðr hringa
‘the tree of rings’ = MAN = Vagn
the tree of rings → MAN = Vagn
Týr fasta farlands
‘the Týr of the fire of the vessel-land’ = MAN = Eiríkr
the vessel-land. → SEA
the fire of the SEA → GOLD
the Týr of the GOLD → MAN = Eiríkr
þollr seims
‘the fir-tree of gold’ = MAN
The fir-tree of gold → MAN
bǫrr leiðar holmfjǫturs
‘the tree of the path of the island-fetter’ = MAN = Knútr
the island-fetter; → SERPENT
the path of the SERPENT → GOLD
the tree of the GOLD → MAN = Knútr
margr meiðr hrings
‘many a tree of the sword’ = MAN
Many a tree of the sword → MAN
hoddskati
‘the treasure-chieftain’ = MAN
the treasure-chieftain; → MAN
Draupnis dǫgg-Freyr
‘Draupnir’s dew-Freyr’ = MAN
the dew of Draupnir his → GOLD
the Freyr of the GOLD → MAN
Baldr leiptra jarðar stafna
‘the Baldr of the lightnings of the land of prows’ = MAN
the land of prows, → SEA
the lightnings of the SEA → GOLD
the Baldr of the GOLD → MAN
This view lists all kennings with the selected referent. It analyses extended kennings to show the stages by which one arrives at the particular referent; these may form part of larger kennings but this is not shown here.
For more information on a particular kenning, select the stanza in which it occurs and click on the kenning in the interactive text to see the full analysis of the kenning.