Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 25’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 94-5.
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hollusta (noun f.; °-u): [faith]
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gefa (verb): give
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hœgri (adj. comp.): higher, highest
[1] hæsta: ‘[...]’ B, ‘ḥẹṣta’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘h(æs)ta’(?) BRydberg, ‘h(e᷎sta)’(?) BFJ
[1] hæsta ‘highest’: There is a hole in the ms. at this point, and nothing is legible, except for a possible ascender to the left of the hole. 399a-bˣ reads ‘hesta’, but indicates uncertainty about the first three letters. Rydberg was certain of the <h> and the final <ta>, and reconstructed to ‘hæsta’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj A) was sure only of the <h>, but accepted Rydberg’s reconstruction, which has been adopted by all subsequent eds.
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1. hringr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ar): ring; sword < hringþróttr (noun m.)
[2] hring-Þrótt ‘ring-Þróttr’: See Note to 11/4. The allusion to a repentant sinner as a ‘ring-god’ may be intended to remind one of the description of the penitent thief as tínir bauga ‘gatherer of rings’ (23/6) and auðbrjótr ‘destroyer of riches’ (24/2), and may tie Gamli’s more general moralisation into the meditation on the Crucifixion scene.
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2. Þróttr (noun m.): Þróttr < hringþróttr (noun m.)
[2] hring-Þrótt ‘ring-Þróttr’: See Note to 11/4. The allusion to a repentant sinner as a ‘ring-god’ may be intended to remind one of the description of the penitent thief as tínir bauga ‘gatherer of rings’ (23/6) and auðbrjótr ‘destroyer of riches’ (24/2), and may tie Gamli’s more general moralisation into the meditation on the Crucifixion scene.
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með (prep.): with
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sik (pron.; °gen. sín, dat. sér): (refl. pron.)
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dróttinn (noun m.; °dróttins, dat. dróttni (drottini [$1049$]); dróttnar): lord, master
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2. sannr (adj.; °-an; compar. -ari, superl. -astr): true
[3] saðr: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘sad[...]’ B
[3] þeims (‘þeim er’): so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]m er’ B
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[3] þeims (‘þeim er’): so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]m er’ B
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3. sinn (pron.; °f. sín, n. sitt): (refl. poss. pron.)
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iðra (verb): repent
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synð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): sin
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lausn (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar (RbHM (*1315)³ 113²)): liberation, redemption
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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ynði (noun n.; °-s): pleasure
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ern (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): powerful
[5-8] abbrev. as ‘Ern skop haudr […] hlyrni’ B
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hauðr (noun n.): earth, ground
[5-8] abbrev. as ‘Ern skop haudr […] hlyrni’ B
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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hlýrnir (noun m.): heaven, heavenly body
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heimr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): home, abode; world
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valdr (noun m.): ruler
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sem (conj.): as, which
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1. kyn (noun n.; °-s; -): kin
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beimi (noun m.; °; -ar): man
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ǫrr (adj.): generous, brave
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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allr (adj.): all
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dýrr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -str/-astr): precious
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat
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setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat
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setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < élsetr (noun n.): storm-seat
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
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betri (adj. comp.; °superl. beztr/baztr; pos. góðr adj.): better, best
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Hollostu gefr hæsta |
The true Lord gives the ring-Þróttr <= Óðinn> [MAN] who repents of his sins the highest faith, absolution and delight with him. The powerful ruler of the world [= God] created earth and heaven as well as the kinsfolk of men [MANKIND]; the generous king of the storm-seat [SKY/HEAVEN > = God] is better and more precious than everything.
[1-4]: Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) construes saðr dróttinn gefr hring-Þrótt, þeims íðrask, hæsta hollostu með sér, lausn synða sinna ok ynði ‘the true Lord gives the man, the one who repents, the highest favour with him, freedom from his sins and delight’. The prose arrangement adopted here, which accords with those of Kock (NN §1193) and Black (1971, 203), makes for a smoother w.o. — [5-8]: The first l. of the stef is written out. Although the scribe of B usually indicates repetition of a stef (in this case, from st. 20) by means of a marginal obelos, the mark is omitted here.
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