Þjóð Haustl 11^III

unz ‘until’

(not checked:)
2. unz (conj.): until

hryn ‘of the roaring’

(not checked:)
hrynja (verb): fall, flow < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] hryn‑: so all others, ‘hrvn’ R

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hryn ‘of the roaring’

(not checked:)
hrynja (verb): fall, flow < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] hryn‑: so all others, ‘hrvn’ R

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hryn ‘of the roaring’

(not checked:)
hrynja (verb): fall, flow < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] hryn‑: so all others, ‘hrvn’ R

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hryn ‘of the roaring’

(not checked:)
hrynja (verb): fall, flow < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] hryn‑: so all others, ‘hrvn’ R

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hryn ‘of the roaring’

(not checked:)
hrynja (verb): fall, flow < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] hryn‑: so all others, ‘hrvn’ R

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hryn ‘of the roaring’

(not checked:)
hrynja (verb): fall, flow < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] hryn‑: so all others, ‘hrvn’ R

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

sævar ‘sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] ‑sævar: sæva Tˣ, W

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

sævar ‘sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] ‑sævar: sæva Tˣ, W

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

sævar ‘sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] ‑sævar: sæva Tˣ, W

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

sævar ‘sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] ‑sævar: sæva Tˣ, W

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

sævar ‘sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] ‑sævar: sæva Tˣ, W

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

sævar ‘sea’

(not checked:)
sjór (noun m.): sea < hrynsær (noun m.)

[1] ‑sævar: sæva Tˣ, W

kennings

notes

[1] hrynsævar ‘of the roaring sea’: In R the final <r> of -sævar is still faintly visible, though the scribe may have intended to erase it. If so, the scribe of R may have intended to write the gen. pl. -sæva ‘of roaring seas’, like the scribes of Tˣ, W. Skj B and Skald both adopt the pl. form, though from the perspective of the kenning of which this cpd forms part the sg. seems preferable. — [1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hræva ‘of corpses’

(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion

kennings

notes

[1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hræva ‘of corpses’

(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion

kennings

notes

[1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hræva ‘of corpses’

(not checked:)
hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion

kennings

notes

[1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hund ‘the hound’

(not checked:)
hundr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): hound, dog

[2] hund: so all others, ‘hrvnd’ R

kennings

notes

[1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

hund ‘the hound’

(not checked:)
hundr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): hound, dog

[2] hund: so all others, ‘hrvnd’ R

kennings

notes

[1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

ǫl ‘of the ale’

(not checked:)
ǫl (noun n.; °-s; -): ale < Ǫlgefn (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

ǫl ‘of the ale’

(not checked:)
ǫl (noun n.; °-s; -): ale < Ǫlgefn (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

Gefnar ‘Gefn’

(not checked:)
Gefn (noun f.): Gefn < Ǫlgefn (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

Gefnar ‘Gefn’

(not checked:)
Gefn (noun f.): Gefn < Ǫlgefn (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[1-2] hund hrynsævar hræva ǫl-Gefnar ‘the hound of the roaring sea of corpses [BLOOD > WOLF] of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn > = Loki]’: An extended kenning in which, unusually, the base-word is in itself a kenning. The referent of this, ‘wolf’, is required in order to understand how the final referent, here judged to be Loki, derives from the determinant ‘[WOMAN = Iðunn]’. ‘Wolf’ is to be understood metaphorically in the sense ‘abductor, thief’. Some scholars (e.g. Holtsmark 1949, 32-3) consider the final referent to be ‘[GIANT = Þjazi]’ (cf. st. 2/2 ulfr snótar ‘the wolf of the woman’, st. 4/1 fjallgylðir ‘mountain wolf’), and this is a possible reading, both syntactically and on grounds of kenning-pattern. However, it does not conform to the mythic narrative as we know it from SnE, because there the gods are not said to find Þjazi before they seize Loki and threaten him with death or torture.

fundu ‘they found’

(not checked:)
2. finna (verb): find, meet

leiði ‘the leading’

(not checked:)
leiði (noun n.; °-s): grave < leiðiþírr (noun m.)

kennings

notes

[3] leiðiþír ‘the leading slave’: A hap. leg. cpd of uncertain meaning referring to Loki. Kock (NN §223) draws a parallel with OE lādteow, latteow ‘leader, guide, general’ (derived from lād ‘path’ plus þēow ‘slave, servant’), but there is no evidence that the Old Norse cpd could have this elevated sense, especially as the uncommon þírr ‘male slave’ seems to be equivalent to þræll or þjónn, both meaning ‘slave, servant’ (so SnE 1998, I, 106, 118, Þul Manna 10/7). Kock construes the cpd with læva to mean ‘the leader of crime [= Loki]’.

þír ‘slave’

(not checked:)
1. þírr (noun m.): slave, serf < leiðiþírr (noun m.)

[3] ‑þír: so all others, ‑þirr R

kennings

notes

[3] leiðiþír ‘the leading slave’: A hap. leg. cpd of uncertain meaning referring to Loki. Kock (NN §223) draws a parallel with OE lādteow, latteow ‘leader, guide, general’ (derived from lād ‘path’ plus þēow ‘slave, servant’), but there is no evidence that the Old Norse cpd could have this elevated sense, especially as the uncommon þírr ‘male slave’ seems to be equivalent to þræll or þjónn, both meaning ‘slave, servant’ (so SnE 1998, I, 106, 118, Þul Manna 10/7). Kock construes the cpd with læva to mean ‘the leader of crime [= Loki]’.

ok ‘and’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[3] ok: at W

læva ‘of deceits’

(not checked:)
læ (noun n.): deceit, treachery

[3] læva: so all others, ‘læv’ R

kennings

notes

[3-4] lund læva ‘the tree of deceits [MAN = Loki]’: This kenning, if kenning it is, is suspect on the ground that man-kennings with tree-names as base-words are not normally combined with determinants that are abstract nouns, as Marold (1983, 166) pointed out. Additionally, it occurs in apposition to another Loki-kenning, leiðiþír ǫl-Gefnar, which is also unusual. However, other interpretations either require emendation (lundallgegnir ‘completely honest of mind’, Skald, NN §2721, understanding lund f. ‘mind, disposition’) or the adducing of extratextual information. Thus, Marold’s (1983, 166) ok bundu lund leiðiþí(r) læva ǫl-Gefnar ‘and they bound the mind of the criminal leader of the woman’ requires one to understand that the gods used magic to spellbind Loki.

lund ‘the tree’

(not checked:)
1. lundr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -i/-; -ar): grove, tree

kennings

notes

[3-4] lund læva ‘the tree of deceits [MAN = Loki]’: This kenning, if kenning it is, is suspect on the ground that man-kennings with tree-names as base-words are not normally combined with determinants that are abstract nouns, as Marold (1983, 166) pointed out. Additionally, it occurs in apposition to another Loki-kenning, leiðiþír ǫl-Gefnar, which is also unusual. However, other interpretations either require emendation (lundallgegnir ‘completely honest of mind’, Skald, NN §2721, understanding lund f. ‘mind, disposition’) or the adducing of extratextual information. Thus, Marold’s (1983, 166) ok bundu lund leiðiþí(r) læva ǫl-Gefnar ‘and they bound the mind of the criminal leader of the woman’ requires one to understand that the gods used magic to spellbind Loki.

ǫl ‘of ale’

(not checked:)
ǫl (noun n.; °-s; -): ale < Ǫlgefn (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[2, 4] ǫl-Gefnar ‘of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn]’: The repetition of this woman-kenning within the space of two lines is likely to be a result of scribal dittography. The kenning corresponds in form to ár-Gefnar ‘of fruitfulness-Gefn’ st. 2/6.

ǫl ‘of ale’

(not checked:)
ǫl (noun n.; °-s; -): ale < Ǫlgefn (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[2, 4] ǫl-Gefnar ‘of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn]’: The repetition of this woman-kenning within the space of two lines is likely to be a result of scribal dittography. The kenning corresponds in form to ár-Gefnar ‘of fruitfulness-Gefn’ st. 2/6.

Gefnar ‘Gefn’

(not checked:)
Gefn (noun f.): Gefn < Ǫlgefn (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[2, 4] ǫl-Gefnar ‘of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn]’: The repetition of this woman-kenning within the space of two lines is likely to be a result of scribal dittography. The kenning corresponds in form to ár-Gefnar ‘of fruitfulness-Gefn’ st. 2/6.

Gefnar ‘Gefn’

(not checked:)
Gefn (noun f.): Gefn < Ǫlgefn (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[2, 4] ǫl-Gefnar ‘of the ale-Gefn <= Freyja> [WOMAN = Iðunn]’: The repetition of this woman-kenning within the space of two lines is likely to be a result of scribal dittography. The kenning corresponds in form to ár-Gefnar ‘of fruitfulness-Gefn’ st. 2/6.

bundu ‘bound’

(not checked:)
binda (verb; °bindr; batt/bant(cf. [$332$]), bundu; bundinn): bind, tie

Þú ‘You’

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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

skalt ‘shall’

(not checked:)
skulu (verb): shall, should, must

véltr ‘be harshly dealt with’

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véla (verb): betray, trick

[5] véltr: ‘vellt’ W

nema ‘unless’

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2. nema (conj.): unless

vélum ‘by strategems’

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1. vél (noun f.; °-ar; -ar/-ir): deceit, trick; device

[5] vélum: ‘vel[…]m’ W

vreiðr ‘the angry one’

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4. reiðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): angry

[6] vreiðr: reiðr R, Tˣ

notes

[6] vreiðr ‘the angry one’: Restoration of original [v] before [r] in initial position to provide alliteration; for a discussion, see Note to Bragi Þórr 6/1 vrǫngum ‘twisted’. The identity of ‘the angry one’ can only be conjectured, the most likely contenders being Þórr, who opposes Loki in other situations in which he has brought the gods into difficulties (e.g. Lok), or Óðinn.

mælir ‘speaks’

(not checked:)
1. mæla (verb): speak, say

[6] mælir: ‘myil’ Tˣ

notes

[6] mælir ‘speaks’: Most eds have mælti 3rd pers. sg. pret. indic. ‘spoke’ and Skj A indicates that Finnur Jónsson read the final abbreviation in R as ‘ti’; however, it appears to be a normal ‘ir’ abbreviation to this ed. (so also SnE 1998, I, 33).

svá ‘thus’

(not checked:)
svá (adv.): so, thus

leiðir ‘you bring’

(not checked:)
2. leiða (verb; -dd): lead; (-sk) grow tired

[6] leiðir: leiðar R, Tˣ

notes

[6] leiðir ‘you bring’: Both mss have leiðar, but a 2nd pers. sg. verb in the pres. subj. is clearly required here after nema ‘unless’.

mun ‘joy’

(not checked:)
munr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i): mind, pleasure < munstœrandi (adj./verb p.p.)

kennings

stœrandi ‘increaser’

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stœrandi (noun m.): [increaser, sweller] < munstœrandi (adj./verb p.p.)

kennings

mæra ‘the glorious’

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2. mærr (adj.): famous

mey ‘girl’

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mær (noun f.; °meyjar, dat. meyju; meyjar): maiden

aptr ‘back’

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aptr (adv.; °compar. -ar): back

Loki ‘Loki’

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Loki (noun m.): [to Loki, Loki]

hapta ‘of the divine powers’

(not checked:)
haft (noun n.; °; *-): fetter

[8] hapta: om. R, Tˣ

kennings

notes

[8] hapta ‘of the divine powers’: A conjectural emendation, providing aðalhending with apt and a regular metrical line, first suggested by Finnur Jónsson (1884, 52-4) and adopted in Skj B, Skald and SnE 1998. Holtsmark (1949, 32) prefers Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s (SnE 1848-87) conjecture deyja ‘die’ (to rhyme with mey). Both R and Tˣ omit the final word of the line, and their exemplars probably did too, as the scribes do not indicate that anything has been omitted after the word ‘Loki’, and both mss go straight on to the first word of st. 12.