Gamlkan Has 53^VII

Slík ‘Such’

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2. slíkr (adj.): such

[1] Slík: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘Sli[...]’ B

styrkja ‘strengthen’

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styrkja (verb): strengthen, assist

mik ‘me’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

merki ‘tokens’

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1. merki (noun n.; °-s: -): banner, sign

minn ‘my’

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minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

guð ‘God’

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1. guð (noun m.; °***guðrs, guðis, gus): (Christian) God

… ‘…’

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(non-lexical)

[2] … þinna: ‘[...]nna’ B, ‘un[...](þi)nna’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘v(n)[...]inna’(?) BRydberg, ‘vn[...](þi)nna’(?) BFJ

notes

[2] …: B is very badly worn here. The end of the word is completely obliterated by a hole, and only the vaguest traces remain of two (?) initial letters. Of these, only the very first downstroke is at all certain, and this might just as well represent the vestige of an <n> as a <u>. Sveinbjörn Egilsson adopts the suggestion made in a marginal note by the 399a-bˣ copyist (mediated to Sveinbjörn via Jón Sigurðsson’s 444ˣ transcript of 399a-bˣ) that the ms. reading should be undra, gen. pl. of undr ‘wonder, miracle’. In this, he is followed by Kempff and Finnur Jónsson (Skj B). Jón Helgason (1935-6, 260) comments that ‘the word undr fits very badly here, where the discussion does not concern God’s miracles but his mercy’. Jón reconstructs náða ‘mercies’, and is followed by Kock (NN §2926) and Black.

þinna ‘of your’

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þinn (pron.; °f. þín, n. þitt): your

[2] … þinna: ‘[...]nna’ B, ‘un[...](þi)nna’(?) 399a‑bˣ, ‘v(n)[...]inna’(?) BRydberg, ‘vn[...](þi)nna’(?) BFJ

þótt ‘even though’

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þó (adv.): though

atferðin ‘behaviour’

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atferð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): behaviour

yrði ‘were to become’

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1. verða (verb): become, be

ór ‘our [my]’

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várr (pron.; °f. ór/vár; pl. órir/várir): our

[4] ór: ‘[...]o᷎r’ B, ‘vǫr’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘(v)o᷎r’(?) BRydberg, BFJ

notes

[4] ór ‘our’: The mss’ form, with initial ‘v’, must be normalised here to the earlier ór (ANG §467.2) to supply aðalhending with stór-.

herfilig ‘shameful’

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herfiligr (adj.): [shameful]

stórum ‘very’

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stórr (adj.): large, great

leiptra ‘of lightnings’

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1. leiptr (noun m.): [lightnings]

kennings

leiptra ‘of lightnings’

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1. leiptr (noun m.): [lightnings]

kennings

leiptra ‘of lightnings’

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1. leiptr (noun m.): [lightnings]

kennings

leiptra ‘of lightnings’

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1. leiptr (noun m.): [lightnings]

kennings

hróts ‘of the roof’

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hrót (noun n.): roof

kennings

hróts ‘of the roof’

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hrót (noun n.): roof

kennings

hróts ‘of the roof’

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hrót (noun n.): roof

kennings

hróts ‘of the roof’

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hrót (noun n.): roof

kennings

at ‘that’

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4. at (conj.): that

notes

[5, 8] at láta fyr róða ‘to leave, cast to the winds, abandon’: Cf. the prayer to the Virgin preserved in HómÍsl 1872, 195: eige mic fyr róþa láta í náuþsyn miɴe ‘do not abandon me in my need’. The phrase is common in both verse and prose (cf. Fritzner: róði), and it is clear that the essential meaning is ‘to abandon’. Several different interpretations of róði have been offered, perhaps the most satisfactory being Finnur Jónsson’s suggestion (LP: róði) that róði should be understood as a heiti for the wind. This certainly renders the phrase at once vivid and accessible, and fits extremely well with the image-structure of Has.

láta ‘cast’

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láta (verb): let, have sth done

notes

[5, 8] at láta fyr róða ‘to leave, cast to the winds, abandon’: Cf. the prayer to the Virgin preserved in HómÍsl 1872, 195: eige mic fyr róþa láta í náuþsyn miɴe ‘do not abandon me in my need’. The phrase is common in both verse and prose (cf. Fritzner: róði), and it is clear that the essential meaning is ‘to abandon’. Several different interpretations of róði have been offered, perhaps the most satisfactory being Finnur Jónsson’s suggestion (LP: róði) that róði should be understood as a heiti for the wind. This certainly renders the phrase at once vivid and accessible, and fits extremely well with the image-structure of Has.

láð ‘of the land’

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2. láð (noun n.): earth, land < láðvaldr (noun m.)

kennings

láð ‘of the land’

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2. láð (noun n.): earth, land < láðvaldr (noun m.)

kennings

valdr ‘ruler’

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valdr (noun m.): ruler < láðvaldr (noun m.)

kennings

muni ‘will’

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munu (verb): will, must

aldri ‘never’

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aldri (adv.): never

[6] aldri: ‘a[...]’ B, ‘alldr[...]’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘a(lld)[...]’(?) BRydberg, ‘all[...]’ BFJ

glaðr ‘the glad’

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2. glaðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): cheerful, glad

[7] glaðr: ‘[...]dr’ B, ‘g̣ḷạðr’ 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]dr’ BRydberg, ‘(gla)dr’(?) BFJ

kennings

notes

[7] glaðr ‘glad’: The beginning of this word is lost, though the two final letters are quite clear. The alliteration requires initial <g>. Previous eds have tended to agree that glaðr is the most acceptable reconstruction. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) construes this as part of the conditional cl. ef iðrumk glaðr glœpa ‘if I repent of my sins gladly’. Jón Helgason (1935-6, 260) objects that ‘it hardly accords with the sincerity of the penitent soul that the sinner should be glad’. He suggests that greiðr ‘willing’ would be a more appropriate adj. here. Kock (NN §2934) is not altogether convinced by this suggestion, but accepts that, if glaðr is understood to refer to the speaker-sinner, it strikes a wrong note. As Black (1971, 272) points out, there is some appropriateness in the suggestion that sinners should repent cheerfully, in the expectation of mercy. Kock suggests that glaðr be retained, but that it be construed as part of the main cl., rather than the conditional one. In this, he is anticipated by Sveinbjörn Egilsson’s prose arrangement in 444ˣ, which is adopted here.

ef ‘if’

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3. ef (conj.): if

glœpa ‘sins’

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glœpa (verb): [sins, confound]

iðrumk ‘I repent of’

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iðra (verb): repent

glóða ‘of the fires’

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glóð (noun f.): ember

kennings

glóða ‘of the fires’

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glóð (noun f.): ember

kennings

glóða ‘of the fires’

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glóð (noun f.): ember

kennings

mik ‘me’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

fyr ‘to’

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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.

notes

[5, 8] at láta fyr róða ‘to leave, cast to the winds, abandon’: Cf. the prayer to the Virgin preserved in HómÍsl 1872, 195: eige mic fyr róþa láta í náuþsyn miɴe ‘do not abandon me in my need’. The phrase is common in both verse and prose (cf. Fritzner: róði), and it is clear that the essential meaning is ‘to abandon’. Several different interpretations of róði have been offered, perhaps the most satisfactory being Finnur Jónsson’s suggestion (LP: róði) that róði should be understood as a heiti for the wind. This certainly renders the phrase at once vivid and accessible, and fits extremely well with the image-structure of Has.

róða ‘the winds’

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róði (noun m.; °-a): Róði, wind

notes

[5, 8] at láta fyr róða ‘to leave, cast to the winds, abandon’: Cf. the prayer to the Virgin preserved in HómÍsl 1872, 195: eige mic fyr róþa láta í náuþsyn miɴe ‘do not abandon me in my need’. The phrase is common in both verse and prose (cf. Fritzner: róði), and it is clear that the essential meaning is ‘to abandon’. Several different interpretations of róði have been offered, perhaps the most satisfactory being Finnur Jónsson’s suggestion (LP: róði) that róði should be understood as a heiti for the wind. This certainly renders the phrase at once vivid and accessible, and fits extremely well with the image-structure of Has.