Þul Skipa 10^III

Drengir ‘Ties’

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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior

notes

[1] drengir, dragreip (m. pl., n.) ‘ties, halyard’: Drengr (sg.) appears to have been a rope or cable to fasten sth. with (Falk 1912, 61), but the word is not otherwise attested as a nautical term in poetry (LP: 1-2. drengr). See AEW: 2. drengr and the weak verb drengja ‘fasten’. Dragreip ‘halyard’, lit. ‘pull-rope’ (from the stem of the strong verb draga ‘pull’ and reip n. ‘rope’) was the rope fastened to the middle of the sail-yard, which ran through the hole in the masthead (húnbora, st. 7/1) and was used to hoist or lower the sail-yard (Falk 1912, 62). See also SnSt Ht 77/8.

dragreip ‘halyard’

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dragreip (noun n.; °; dat. -um): [halyards]

notes

[1] drengir, dragreip (m. pl., n.) ‘ties, halyard’: Drengr (sg.) appears to have been a rope or cable to fasten sth. with (Falk 1912, 61), but the word is not otherwise attested as a nautical term in poetry (LP: 1-2. drengr). See AEW: 2. drengr and the weak verb drengja ‘fasten’. Dragreip ‘halyard’, lit. ‘pull-rope’ (from the stem of the strong verb draga ‘pull’ and reip n. ‘rope’) was the rope fastened to the middle of the sail-yard, which ran through the hole in the masthead (húnbora, st. 7/1) and was used to hoist or lower the sail-yard (Falk 1912, 62). See also SnSt Ht 77/8.

dæla ‘dale’

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1. dæla (noun f.; °-u): °(of uninterrupted talk) ?conduit/trough (for bailing a ship), dale (cf. [$1217$] /3dale)

notes

[2] dæla (f.) ‘dale’: The term for a kind of gutter that was used to empty out the bilge water (Falk 1912, 6); cf. dalr ‘dale, valley’ (AEW: dæla and OED: dale, n.³). The word does not otherwise occur as a nautical term in skaldic verse, but it is used in kennings for ‘ship’ in later rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: dæla).

árar ‘oars’

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1. ár (noun f.; °-ar, dat. u/-; -ar/-ir(LandslBorg 151b²¹)): oar

aktaumar ‘braces’

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aktaumr (noun m.; °; -ar): °(pl.) rope employed to trim a sail (cf. aka segli) (a term for the two braces (Frost/x 199/5) attached to the boom (BlFar 283/10), as distinct from skaut sb. n. (BlFar 283/1

notes

[3] aktaumar (m. pl.) ‘braces’: The first element of this cpd is derived from the strong verb aka ‘trim’ (cf. aka segli ‘trim the sail’) and the second is taumar ‘reins’ (sg. taumr). In Old Norse, the term denoted the braces of a sail (Falk 1912, 76). In later times it also referred to ropes attached to a bar across the rudder to steer a ship (SnE 1998, II, 233). In poetry, the word otherwise occurs only in Busla Busl 5/7^VIII (Bós 5).

rœr ‘clinch-plates’

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3. ró (noun f.)

notes

[3] rœr (f. pl.) ‘clinch-plates’: Ró (sg.) is a small metal plate through which a rivet or clinched nail is passed (Falk 1912, 50; SnE 1998, II, 378). The word is not otherwise found in poetry.

arinn ‘arinn’

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arinn (noun m.; °arins, dat. arni): [stone, hearth]

notes

[4] arinn (m.): The meaning of this heiti is obscure. Arinn is ‘hearth’ and CVC: arinn translates this nautical term as ‘a hatchway’. Falk (1912, 115) suggests that arinn as a heiti for a part of a ship probably had the same meaning as ON viða, a late C12th term that denoted a bridge behind the mast on which the commander stood during battle (Kommandobrücke). That interpretation remains conjectural.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[4] ok: om. Tˣ

nálar ‘needles’

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nál (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; -ar): needle

notes

[4] nálar (f. pl.) ‘needles’: These were most likely needles kept aboard ship to repair damage done to the sail, but they could also have been pegs with holes in the middle to fasten ropes on a ship (Falk 1912, 13 and n. 1).

aurborð ‘sand-strake’

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aurborð (noun n.): ship-board

notes

[5] aurborð (n.) ‘sand-strake’: The second plank from the keel, i.e. the plank or strake that rested on sand when a ship was pulled ashore (Falk 1912, 52; Jesch 2001a, 141). See also Note to RvHbreiðm Hl 54/2.

kjalar ‘keel’

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kjǫlr (noun m.; °kjalar, dat. kili; kjǫlir): keel, ship < kjalarhæll (noun m.)

[5] kjalar‑: so all others, ‘k\i/ælar’ R

notes

[5] kjalarhæll (m.) ‘keel-heel’: A metaphoric name for the hindmost part of the keel (Falk 1912, 34). The word is not otherwise found in skaldic verse, but see hæll ‘keel’s heel’ (st. 7/7 and Note there).

hæll ‘heel’

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1. hæll (noun m.; °hǽls, dat. hǽli; hǽlar): heel < kjalarhæll (noun m.)

notes

[5] kjalarhæll (m.) ‘keel-heel’: A metaphoric name for the hindmost part of the keel (Falk 1912, 34). The word is not otherwise found in skaldic verse, but see hæll ‘keel’s heel’ (st. 7/7 and Note there).

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[6] ok: om. Tˣ, C

akkeri ‘anchor’

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akkeri (noun n.; °-s; -): [anchor, anchors]

notes

[6] akkeri (m.) ‘anchor’: For detailed descriptions of the anchor, see Falk (1912, 78-9) and Jesch (2001a, 166-9).

hnakk ‘buoy’

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1. hnakkr (noun m.): [saddle] < hnakkmiði (noun m.)

[7] hnakk‑: so all others, ‘hnoc‑’ or ‘hnot‑’ R

notes

[7] hnakkmiði (m.) ‘buoy-rope’: A rope tied to a buoy and fastened to an anchor to raise it from the bottom of the sea (from hnakkr ‘anchor-stone’, the second element perhaps from miðr ‘middle’; see Falk 1912, 79 and SnE 1998, II, 314). For hnakkmiði, see also ÓTr Lv 1/3^V (Hallfr 6).

miði ‘rope’

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miði (noun m.; °-a): °målestok < hnakkmiði (noun m.)

notes

[7] hnakkmiði (m.) ‘buoy-rope’: A rope tied to a buoy and fastened to an anchor to raise it from the bottom of the sea (from hnakkr ‘anchor-stone’, the second element perhaps from miðr ‘middle’; see Falk 1912, 79 and SnE 1998, II, 314). For hnakkmiði, see also ÓTr Lv 1/3^V (Hallfr 6).

aus ‘bailer’

[7] aus‑: ‘austs‑’ C, aust‑ A, B

notes

[7] ausker (n.) ‘bailer’: Or austker (so A, B, and adopted in Skj B and Skald). A scoop with which to bail the water out of a ship. The first element of the cpd is derived from the strong verb ausa ‘bail’ and the second is ker n. ‘vessel, vat’. Cf. also dæla ‘dale’ in l. 2 above.

ker ‘’

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ker (noun n.): vessel < ausker (noun n.): °bailer

notes

[7] ausker (n.) ‘bailer’: Or austker (so A, B, and adopted in Skj B and Skald). A scoop with which to bail the water out of a ship. The first element of the cpd is derived from the strong verb ausa ‘bail’ and the second is ker n. ‘vessel, vat’. Cf. also dæla ‘dale’ in l. 2 above.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[8] ok: om. Tˣ

hún ‘crow’s’

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1. húnn (noun m.; °; húnar): knob < húnspánn (noun m.)

notes

[8] húnspænir (m. pl.) ‘crow’s nest’: Flat pieces of wood (sg. spánn), often gilded (Falk 1912, 59), which were nailed around the masthead (húnn, st. 7/1 above) to strengthen the place where the sail-yard was fastened (see also Fritzner: húnspánn). The word occurs only in the present þula.

spænir ‘nest’

[8] ‑spænir: ‘‑sponir’ A

notes

[8] húnspænir (m. pl.) ‘crow’s nest’: Flat pieces of wood (sg. spánn), often gilded (Falk 1912, 59), which were nailed around the masthead (húnn, st. 7/1 above) to strengthen the place where the sail-yard was fastened (see also Fritzner: húnspánn). The word occurs only in the present þula.