Þul Manna 5III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Manna heiti 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 780.
Folk ‘Folk’
(not checked:)
folk (noun n.): people
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
fylki ‘county’
(not checked:)
fylki (noun n.): county
fundr ‘assembly’
(not checked:)
fundr (noun m.): discovery, meeting
almenning ‘the public’
[2] almenning: almenningr seta sóknarar ok snyrtimenn C, almenningr A, B
notes
[2] almenning (f.) ‘the public’: Only the m. variant of this word is used in poetry.
es ‘there is’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
þrǫng ‘throng’
(not checked:)
þrǫng (noun f.; °dat. -u/-; -var): crush, oppression
[3] þrǫng: ‘þro[…]’ B, ‘þrong’ 744ˣ
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
þyss ‘crowd’
(not checked:)
þyss (noun m.; °-): [tumult]
þorp ‘bunch’
(not checked:)
þorp (noun n.; °-s; -): village
notes
[4] þorp (n.) ‘bunch’: The word is not used in this sense in Old Norse except in the present þula and in the list of heiti for ‘man’ in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 106-7: þorp ef þrír ró ‘þorp if they are three’); but cf. the weak verb þyrpast ‘crowd’. The relation between this heiti for ‘men’ and þorp ‘hamlet, village’ is disputed. According to de Vries (AEW: þorp 2), þorp ‘bunch’ is a homonym of þorp ‘village’ with the same etymology.
auðskatar ‘wealth-skatar’
(not checked:)
auðskati (noun m.)
notes
[4] auðskatar ‘wealth-skatar’: Ms. C adds a long-line after this verse (seta, sóknarar | ok snyrtimenn), which seems to be the last in this stanza, because the next line in C starts with a capital letter (Nú ‘Now’). The first and the last heiti in that additional line appear in sts 5/8 and 4/3 respectively, whereas the heiti sóknarar ‘attackers(?)’ (perhaps from sókn f. ‘attack, battle’) is not attested elsewhere.
drótt ‘retinue’
(not checked:)
1. drótt (noun f.): troop
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
notes
[5] syrvar ‘warriors’: This is a variant of sǫrvar, the pl. form of Sǫrvi (lit. ‘armed one’; cf. OE sierwan ‘equip, arm’), which is the name of a sea-king (Þul Sækonunga 5/6). The word is found only in poetry.
dúnn ‘band’
(not checked:)
2. dúnn (noun m.; °dat. dúni/dún): °band, flock; for a certain number of persons (10)?)
[6] dúnn: dyn C, ‘[…]’ B, ‘dunn’ 744ˣ
notes
[6] dúnn (m.) ‘band’: This word is not otherwise used in poetry.
prýðimenn ‘splendid men’
(not checked:)
prýðimaðr (noun m.)
[6] prýðimenn: ‘[…]ry᷎dí menn’ B, ‘prýdí menn’ 744ˣ
notes
[6] prýðimenn (m. pl.) ‘splendid men’: This cpd is not otherwise attested in skaldic poetry, but it is found in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: prýðimaðr).
sǫgn ‘crew’
(not checked:)
sǫgn (noun f.; °sagnar; sagnir): narrative, message; troop, men
ok ‘and’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
samnaðr ‘gathering’
(not checked:)
safnaðr (noun m.): ranks, gathering
seta ‘garrison’
(not checked:)
seta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [peace]
notes
[8] seta (f.) ‘garrison’: This word is not otherwise used in poetry.
stertimenn ‘finely dressed men’
(not checked:)
stertimaðr (noun m.)
notes
[8] stertimenn ‘finely dressed men’: The heiti may be derived from a term for ‘fine dress’, sterta (e.g. hosnasterta ‘court-breeches’; see CVC: sterta). Cf. also stertr ‘stately, haughty’ (p. p. of the weak verb sterta ‘bolster up, straighten up’; hence translated as ‘coxcombs’ in Faulkes 1987, 158). The word is mentioned in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 106) as well, but it is never found in poetry.
notes
[9] fjǫrr ok brjónar ‘being and brjónar’: This defective line is added to the stanza in several mss (R, Tˣ, C). Both heiti are found only in this þula. The first is probably derived from fjǫr n. ‘life’ (hence lit. ‘being’; see Kock, NN §696), although Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 274) argues that fjǫrr m. may be a name of a tree (‘fir(?)’) and thus a half-kenning. The etymology of the second heiti, brjónar, is obscure. It has been suggested that the word may be related to the weak verb brjá ‘glitter’ and has the meaning ‘splendid’, but de Vries finds that unlikely (see the discussions in AEW: brjónar and ÍO: brjónar).
notes
[9] fjǫrr ok brjónar ‘being and brjónar’: This defective line is added to the stanza in several mss (R, Tˣ, C). Both heiti are found only in this þula. The first is probably derived from fjǫr n. ‘life’ (hence lit. ‘being’; see Kock, NN §696), although Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 274) argues that fjǫrr m. may be a name of a tree (‘fir(?)’) and thus a half-kenning. The etymology of the second heiti, brjónar, is obscure. It has been suggested that the word may be related to the weak verb brjá ‘glitter’ and has the meaning ‘splendid’, but de Vries finds that unlikely (see the discussions in AEW: brjónar and ÍO: brjónar).
notes
[9] fjǫrr ok brjónar ‘being and brjónar’: This defective line is added to the stanza in several mss (R, Tˣ, C). Both heiti are found only in this þula. The first is probably derived from fjǫr n. ‘life’ (hence lit. ‘being’; see Kock, NN §696), although Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 274) argues that fjǫrr m. may be a name of a tree (‘fir(?)’) and thus a half-kenning. The etymology of the second heiti, brjónar, is obscure. It has been suggested that the word may be related to the weak verb brjá ‘glitter’ and has the meaning ‘splendid’, but de Vries finds that unlikely (see the discussions in AEW: brjónar and ÍO: brjónar).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Of the eighteen heiti for ‘men’ listed in this stanza, only five, almenning ‘the public’ (l. 2), þyss ‘crowd’ (lit. ‘tumult’, l. 3), auðskatar ‘wealth-skatar’ (l. 4), fjǫrr ‘being’ (l. 9) and brjónar (l. 9), are not found in the corresponding section of Skm (SnE 1998, I, 106). Some heiti have already been mentioned in sts 2-3 (drótt ‘retinue’, st. 2/5 and sagnir ‘crews’, st. 3/4).
Stanza/chapter/text segment
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
Information tab
- text: if the stanza has been published, the edited text of the stanza and translation are here; if it hasn't been published an old edition (usually Skj) is given for reference
- sources: a list of the manuscripts or inscriptions containing this stanza, with page and line references and links (eye button) to images where available, and transcription where available
- readings: a list of variant manuscript readings of words in the main text
- editions and texts: a list of editions of the stanza with links to the bibliography; and a list of prose works in which the stanza occurs, allowing you to navigate within the prose context
- notes and context: notes not linked to individual words are given here, along with the account of the prose context for the stanza, where relevant
Interactive tab
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
Full text tab
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
Chapter/text segment
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.