Kennings — AM 325 X 4° (325X)
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Sturl Hákfl 7II
vitr valdr norrænar aldar
‘the wise ruler of the norwegian people’ = NORWEGIAN KING = Hákon
The wise ruler of the Norwegian people → NORWEGIAN KING = HákonAM 325 X 4°: 8ra/26
Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
1.1. ruler of the Norwegians -
Sturl Hákfl 7II
göfugr oddviti jöfra
‘the glorious leader of princes’ = KING
the glorious leader of princes → KINGAM 325 X 4°: 8ra/26
chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
2.2. lord of princes -
Sturl Hryn 13II
dróttinn jöfra
‘by a lord of princes’ = KING
by a lord of princes. → KINGAM 325 X 4°: 10ra/5
chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
2.2. lord of princes -
Sturl Hryn 13II
allir yppiþollr unnartams blakks ára
‘all the extolling fir-trees of the wave-tame horse of the oars’ = SEAFARERS
the wave-tame horse of the oars → SHIP
All the extolling fir-trees of the SHIP → SEAFARERSAM 325 X 4°: 10ra/5
[5] yppiþollar: ‘yppiþol[…]’ 325X
[6] ‑tams: dags 325X
[7] blakks: ‘blac[…]’ 325Xseafarer
1.2. tree of the ship -
Sturl Hryn 13II
unnartams blakkr ára
‘of the wave-tame horse of the oars’ = SHIP
the wave-tame horse of the oars → SHIPAM 325 X 4°: 10ra/5
[6] ‑tams: dags 325X
[7] blakks: ‘blac[…]’ 325Xship, boat
1.2.1.1. horse of the ship -
Sturl Hryn 15II
eldr digla
‘the fire of crucibles’ = GOLD
The fire of crucibles → GOLDAM 325 X 4°: 10rb/11
gold
5. fire of the goldsmithing device (A1) -
Sturl Hryn 15II
sviptilundr logs Rínar
‘flinging-tree of the flame of the Rhine’ = GENEROUS MAN
the flame of the Rhine; → GOLD
flinging-tree of the GOLD → GENEROUS MANAM 325 X 4°: 10rb/11
generous man
2.3.1. flinger of gold -
Sturl Hryn 15II
log Rínar
‘of the flame of the Rhine’ = GOLD
the flame of the Rhine; → GOLDAM 325 X 4°: 10rb/11
gold
9.1.3. light of the Rhine (A1) -
Sturl Hryn 15II
fasti unnar
‘the fire of the wave’ = GOLD
The fire of the wave → GOLDAM 325 X 4°: 10rb/11
gold
1.1.1.1. fire of the wave (A1) -
Sturl Hryn 15II
far Ullar
‘of the ship of Ullr’ = SHIELD
the ship of Ullr → SHIELDAM 325 X 4°: 10rb/11
shield
13.1. ship of Ullr -
Sturl Hrafn 7II
inn hraðmælti víðþinguðr hringa
‘the quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords’ = WARRIOR
The quick-spoken assembly-convener of swords → WARRIORAM 325 X 4°: 11ra
warrior
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Sturl Hrafn 7II
lögskíð
‘the sea-skis’ = SHIPS
the sea-skis → SHIPSAM 325 X 4°: 11ra
ship, boat
2.1. ski of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 7II
alkeppnum eyðir ítrbóla dalreyðar
‘the very vigorous spoiler of the splendid lair of the valley-char’ = GENEROUS MAN
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLD
the very vigorous spoiler of the GOLD → GENEROUS MANAM 325 X 4°: 11ra
[7] Íl fyr ítrbóla: ‘[…]ola’ 325X
generous man
1.01.1. destroyer of gold -
Sturl Hrafn 7II
ítrból dalreyðar
‘of the splendid lair of the valley-char’ = GOLD
the valley-char. → SNAKE
the splendid lair of the SNAKE → GOLDAM 325 X 4°: 11ra
[7] Íl fyr ítrbóla: ‘[…]ola’ 325X
gold
3.1.2. lair of the serpent (A3) -
Sturl Hrafn 7II
dalreyðr
‘of the valley-char’ = SNAKE
the valley-char. → SNAKEAM 325 X 4°: 11ra
serpent, snake
1.1. fish or whale of the land (A1b) -
Sturl Hrafn 8II
stórráðum stýrir brimdýra
‘the imperious controller of surf-animals’ = SEA-KING
surf-animals → SHIPS
the imperious controller of SHIPS → SEA-KINGAM 325 X 4°: 11ra/1
seafarer
1.1.01.1. steerer of the ship -
Sturl Hrafn 8II
brimdýr
‘of surf-animals’ = SHIPS
surf-animals → SHIPSAM 325 X 4°: 11ra/1
ship, boat
1.1.2. wild animal of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 8II
ósvifrum ótti rándróttar
‘the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery’ = JUST RULER
the relentless terror of the retinue of robbery. → JUST RULERAM 325 X 4°: 11ra/1
[7] ósvifrum: ósvifrir 325X
chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
4.3. terror of evildoers -
Sturl Hrafn 9II
geðstrangir sárs logrunnr
‘flame-bushes of the wound’ = WARRIORS
the wound’s flame → SWORD
The mind-strong bushes of the SWORD → WARRIORSAM 325 X 4°: 11ra/25
warrior
1.1.1. tree of the sword -
Sturl Hrafn 9II
sárs log
‘of the wound’s flame’ = SWORD
the wound’s flame → SWORDAM 325 X 4°: 11ra/25
sword
1.1.04. fire of the wound -
Sturl Hrafn 9II
gætir vegmæta
‘of the keeper of glorious treasures’ = KING
the keeper of glorious treasures → KINGAM 325 X 4°: 11ra/25
chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
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Sturl Hrafn 9II
brands byrr
‘fair-wind reliable of the sword’ = BATTLE
in the fair wind of the sword, → BATTLEAM 325 X 4°: 11ra/25
battle
1.1.1.1. storm/wind of the sword -
Sturl Hrafn 9II
svartklædda dynhrókr sóknar
‘black-coated din-cormorants of battle’ = RAVENS
black-coated din-cormorants of battle → RAVENSAM 325 X 4°: 11ra/25
[6] ‑hróka: flóka 325X
raven
1.2. (black or dark) bird of the battlefield (A2) -
Sturl Hrafn 10II
friðskerðir
‘of the peace-diminisher’ = WARRIOR
the peace-diminisher → WARRIORAM 325 X 4°: 11rb/14
warrior
11. destroyer of peace -
Sturl Hrafn 10II
guðleiðum baugnjótr
‘the godforsaken ring-users’ = GENEROUS MEN
the godforsaken ring-users. → GENEROUS MENAM 325 X 4°: 11rb/14
generous man
2.8. user of wealth -
Sturl Hrafn 10II
hjörklufðu valtafn
‘the sword-cloven slaughter-food’ = CORPSES
the sword-cloven slaughter-food → CORPSESAM 325 X 4°: 11rb/14
[5] ‑klufðu: ‑klufðan 325X
[6] valtafni: ‘v[…]tafní’ 325Xcorpse, slain
1.3. food of slaughter -
Sturl Hrafn 11II
lífgalli hallar
‘the life-harm of the hall’ = FIRE
the life-harm of the hall → FIREAM 325 X 4°: 11rb/21
fire, flame
1.1. harm of wood -
Sturl Hrafn 11II
feigir fleinþollr
‘doomed spear-firs’ = WARRIORS
Doomed spear-firs → WARRIORSAM 325 X 4°: 11rb/21
warrior
1.1. tree of the weapon -
Sturl Hrafn 11II
svanteigr
‘of the swan-field’ = SEA
the swan-field → SEAAM 325 X 4°: 11rb/21
sea
6.1. land of the aquatic bird -
Sturl Hrafn 11II
sæskíð
‘the sea-skis’ = SHIPS
the sea-skis. → SHIPSAM 325 X 4°: 11rb/21
[7] ‑skíðum: ‘‑skiðim’ 325X
ship, boat
2.1. ski of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 15II
margfréttinn framstiklir auðar
‘the very inquisitive dispenser of wealth’ = GENEROUS MAN
The very inquisitive dispenser of wealth → GENEROUS MANAM 325 X 4°: 12rb/10
[3] auðar (‘ovdar’): so 325X
generous man
2.3. flinger of wealth -
Sturl Hrafn 15II
bauglestir
‘of the ring-wounder’ = GENEROUS MAN
the ring-wounder → GENEROUS MANAM 325 X 4°: 12rb/10
generous man
1.01.2. destroyer of rings -
Sturl Hrafn 16II
herbygðum brimskíð hríðar
‘the troop-inhabited surf-skis of the sea’ = SHIPS
the troop-inhabited surf-skis of the sea. → SHIPSAM 325 X 4°: 12rb/14
ship, boat
. overdetermined -
Sturl Hrafn 16II
undit grand grundar gjálfrs
‘the twisted harm of the land of the surge’ = STORM
the land of the surge → SEA
The twisted harm of the SEA → STORMAM 325 X 4°: 12rb/14
storm, wind
2. harm of the sea -
Sturl Hrafn 16II
grund gjálfrs
‘of the land of the surge’ = SEA
the land of the surge → SEAAM 325 X 4°: 12rb/14
sea
5.1. land of the sea