Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 16’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1023.
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
[1] Harðr vann: Harðr papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
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ráð (noun n.; °-s; -): advice, plan, control, power
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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ríki (noun n.; °-s; -): kingdom, power
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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
[2] réð (‘red’): so R683ˣ, reið papp25ˣ
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
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2. engi (pron.): no, none
[2] enginn líki ‘none to match’: Lit. ‘No match’. These words are underscored with dots in papp25ˣ, which indicates that Rugman was uncertain about the reading. The line lacks internal rhyme, but the word in the cadence rhymes with the last word in the preceding line (runhent), which does not otherwise occur in munnvǫrp.
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4. líka (verb): please
[2] enginn líki ‘none to match’: Lit. ‘No match’. These words are underscored with dots in papp25ˣ, which indicates that Rugman was uncertain about the reading. The line lacks internal rhyme, but the word in the cadence rhymes with the last word in the preceding line (runhent), which does not otherwise occur in munnvǫrp.
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
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1. gagn (noun n.): victory
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af (prep.): from
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gunnr (noun f.): battle
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gnógr (adj.; °compar. gnógari/gnǿgri, superl. gnógastr/gnǿgstr): abundant
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dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day
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vell (noun n.): gold < vellbroti (noun m.): [gold-breaker]
[5] vellbrota: vellbrjóta R683ˣ
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broti (noun m.; °-a; -ar): breaker < vellbroti (noun m.): [gold-breaker]
[5] vellbrota: vellbrjóta R683ˣ
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1. vita (verb): know
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1. víss (adj.): wise, certain(ly)
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skjǫldungr (noun m.): king
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fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
[6] flestir: ‘fle …’ papp25ˣ, R683ˣ
[6] flestir ‘most’: The word can be reconstructed with a fair amount of certainty because of the internal rhyme.
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Agnarr (noun m.): Agnarr
[7] Agnars ‘Agnarr’s’: He was Ívarr’s half-brother, as they were sons of Ragnarr by different mothers.
[8] án gǫrvallra beina ‘without complete bones’: According to legend, Ívarr had cartilage rather than bones and had to be carried because he was unable to walk (see ÍF 35, 89 n. 20). For Ívarr, see also KrákÁsl Lv 4VIII (Ragn 6) and ÍvRagn Lv 1VIII (Ragn 22).
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gǫrvallr (adj.): everything
[8] án gǫrvallra beina ‘without complete bones’: According to legend, Ívarr had cartilage rather than bones and had to be carried because he was unable to walk (see ÍF 35, 89 n. 20). For Ívarr, see also KrákÁsl Lv 4VIII (Ragn 6) and ÍvRagn Lv 1VIII (Ragn 22).
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bein (noun n.; °-s; -): bone
[8] án gǫrvallra beina ‘without complete bones’: According to legend, Ívarr had cartilage rather than bones and had to be carried because he was unable to walk (see ÍF 35, 89 n. 20). For Ívarr, see also KrákÁsl Lv 4VIII (Ragn 6) and ÍvRagn Lv 1VIII (Ragn 22).
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
As st. 15 above.
[1]: The line is one syllable too short, but Rugman does not indicate that anything is missing. Kock (NN §3115) inserts the verb vann ‘gained’ in position 2, which is plausible from a metrical and syntactic point of view, and has been adopted in the present edn. It remains conjectural. Jón Helgason suggests that an initial syllable was omitted, and he conjectures a cpd sóknharðr or ógnharðr ‘battle-hard’ (Hl 1941). That suggestion must be rejected for metrical reasons (a disyllabic cpd cannot occur before the first alliterating stave). — [1-4]: The first helmingr is distorted beyond reconstruction in Rugman’s transcriptions. — [3]: The clause is missing a verb, and Skj B and Skald supply fekk ‘got’ in position 1. Jón Helgason (Hl 1941) maintains that fá gagn af gunni ‘get victory from the battle’ is rather awkward, but that construction occurs elsewhere in poetry (see Glúmr Gráf 2/3I hann fekk gagn af gunni). — [4]: The line contains only two words, gnóg (f. nom. sg. or n. nom./acc. pl.) ‘abundant’ and dag (m. acc. sg.) ‘day’ and it cannot be reconstructed. It is possible that gnóg could have been connected with gagn (l. 3): gnóg gagn ‘abundant victories’. Kock’s suggestions (NN §§3115, 3237) are conjectural and must be dismissed. — [5]: Earlier eds (Kock, Jón Helgason) supply the pron. þann (m. acc. sg.) ‘that’ in position 1 as a qualifier to vellbrota ‘gold-breaker’. However, Type C-lines with an adjectival pron. in anacrusis are extremely rare (see Gade 1995a, 123-8), and it would also violate the word order in an independent clause. It is more likely that the word missing in anacrusis was a connective (ok, en ‘and, but’). — [7]: The missing word in position 1 (or positions 1-2 if disyllabic) must carry alliteration and have a vocalic onset. Jón Helgason (Hl 1941) suggests an adj. qualifying bróður Agnars ‘Agnarr’s brother’ (æra ‘younger’ or ítran ‘splendid’). While it is likely that the word could have been an adj., the word itself cannot be reconstructed.
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