Judith Jesch (ed.) 2012, ‘Jórunn skáldmær, Sendibítr 4’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 148.
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hvar (adv.): where
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1. vita (verb): know
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1. einka (adv.): only
[1] einka ‘especially’: eink (f.), usually in the gen. sg. form einkar, is mostly found in poetry of the C12th or later, and this may be a further indication of the late date of this poem, though here it is gen. pl.
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ǫrr (adj.): generous, brave
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ǫr (noun f.; °dat. -/-u; ǫrvar/ǫrar): arrow < ǫrveðr (noun n.): [arrow-storm]
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2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm < ǫrveðr (noun n.): [arrow-storm]
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frami (noun m.): success
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tingl (noun n.): prow-board < tinglrýrandi (noun m.)
[3] tingl- ‘the prow-board’: An uncommon word which may echo Guthormr sindri (see Introduction). On its meaning, see Note to Þhorn Harkv 7/8.
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tingl (noun n.): prow-board < tinglrýrandi (noun m.)
[3] tingl- ‘the prow-board’: An uncommon word which may echo Guthormr sindri (see Introduction). On its meaning, see Note to Þhorn Harkv 7/8.
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rýrandi (noun m.): destroyer, diminisher < tinglrýrandi (noun m.)
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tungl (noun n.; °-s; -): moon, heavenly body
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tungl (noun n.; °-s; -): moon, heavenly body
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tveir (num. cardinal): two
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
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2. vegr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -): honour
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meiri (adj. comp.; °meiran; superl. mestr): more, most
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2. an (conj.): than
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geð (noun n.): mind < geðharðr (adj.): [tough-minded]
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh < geðharðr (adj.): [tough-minded]
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gull (noun n.): gold
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land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landreki (noun m.): land-ruler
[6] landrekar: ‘landr(ekar)’(?) 75c
[6] landrekar ‘land-rulers’: On the ‘borderline kenning’ landreki ‘land-ruler’, see Note to ÞjóðA Magnfl 17/8II.
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reki (noun m.; °-a; -ar): ruler < landreki (noun m.): land-ruler
[6] landrekar: ‘landr(ekar)’(?) 75c
[6] landrekar ‘land-rulers’: On the ‘borderline kenning’ landreki ‘land-ruler’, see Note to ÞjóðA Magnfl 17/8II.
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þollr (noun m.): fir-tree
[6] landrekar ‘land-rulers’: On the ‘borderline kenning’ landreki ‘land-ruler’, see Note to ÞjóðA Magnfl 17/8II.
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upp (adv.): up
[7] of hófsk upp ‘was lifted’: Hefjask upp normally means ‘begin’, but the context seems to demand the opposite meaning, ‘cease’; here it is taken as a m. v. form of hefja upp ‘lift’, with that meaning. Of is the expletive particle.
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1. angr (noun m.; °angrs, dat. angri/angr): grief
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óblindr (adj.): [clear-sighted]
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4. of (particle): (before verb)
[7] of hófsk upp ‘was lifted’: Hefjask upp normally means ‘begin’, but the context seems to demand the opposite meaning, ‘cease’; here it is taken as a m. v. form of hefja upp ‘lift’, with that meaning. Of is the expletive particle.
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hefja (verb): lift, start
[7] of hófsk upp ‘was lifted’: Hefjask upp normally means ‘begin’, but the context seems to demand the opposite meaning, ‘cease’; here it is taken as a m. v. form of hefja upp ‘lift’, with that meaning. Of is the expletive particle.
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Yngvi (noun m.): Yngvi, prince
[8] óblinds ‘clear-sighted’: Lit. ‘un-blind’. The minor emendation of nom. sg. -blindr to gen. sg. -blinds is unavoidable.
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fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
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lof (noun n.; °-s; -): praise, leave, permission
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sindri (noun m.): spark(?)
[8] Sindra ‘Sindri (“Spark” (?))’: The poet Guthormr sindri (Gsind): see Biographies of Guthormr and Jórunn, and Introduction to Send.
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Hvar vitu einka ǫrvir |
Where do two especially brave princes know of greater honour, fame of arrow-storm [BATTLE], granted to destroyers of moons of the prow-board [(lit. ‘prow-board-destroyers of moons’) SHIELDS > WARRIORS] than tough-minded land-rulers granted to firs of gold [MEN] because of the praise of clear-sighted Sindri (‘Spark’ (?))? The trouble of the princes was lifted.
As for sts 2 and 3.
Though somewhat unclear in the ms., the readings (normalised) gǫrvan ‘granted’ (l. 2), gerðu ‘granted’ (l. 5) and landrekar ‘land-rulers’ (l. 6) are also printed in Skj A and ÓH 1941, and give good sense in context. — The stanza (which is complemented by st. 5) seems to refer to the general benefit that resulted when the landrekar ‘land-rulers’, Haraldr and Hálfdan, agreed to make peace as a reward for Guthormr’s poetry. — [7]: The line is unusual in having three (vocalic) alliterating staves.
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