Rolf Stavnem (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Rekstefja 20’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 920.
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2. myrkr (adj.; °-an/-jan/-van; compar. -(v)ari/-ri, superl. -(v)astr): dark, murky
[1] myrkt ‘dark’: The adj. reinforces the metaphorical sense of the battle as a storm.
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hregg (noun n.): storm
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mækir (noun m.): sword
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
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1. egg (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -ju/-): edge, blade
[1] eggja: eggjar 53, Flat
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meinilla (adv.): [very badly]
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
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2. Sveinn (noun m.): Sveinn
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1. drótt (noun f.): troop
[3] drótt hné dreyra þrútin: sôr frá ek drengjum dreyra all others
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hníga (verb): sink, fall
[3] drótt hné dreyra þrútin: sôr frá ek drengjum dreyra all others
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dreyri (noun m.; °-a): blood
[3] drótt hné dreyra þrútin: sôr frá ek drengjum dreyra all others
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þrútinn (adj./verb p.p.): swollen
[3] drótt hné dreyra þrútin: sôr frá ek drengjum dreyra all others
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Danr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): Dane
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skunda (verb): hasten
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undan (adv.): away, away from
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tandr (noun m.): [flame]
[5] Tandr: so 53, 54, Flat, ‘tavdr’ Bb(112ra), gandr Bb(100ra)
[5] beit ‘bit’: The alternative is flaug ‘flew’ in ÓT, but this is less convincing since the subject is a sword-kenning.
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tiggi (noun m.; °-ja): king
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3. renna (verb): let run (weak)
[6] tveim dǫglingum ‘two princes’: Presumably this summarises the successful actions against the Swedes under Óláfr Eiríksson and the Danes under Sveinn tjúguskegg; cf. þriðja sinni ‘for the third time’ when Eiríkr jarl enters the battle in st. 21/3.
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dǫglingr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, ruler
[6] dǫglingum: so all others, dǫgling Bb(112ra)
[6] tveim dǫglingum ‘two princes’: Presumably this summarises the successful actions against the Swedes under Óláfr Eiríksson and the Danes under Sveinn tjúguskegg; cf. þriðja sinni ‘for the third time’ when Eiríkr jarl enters the battle in st. 21/3.
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Skǫgul (noun f.): Skǫgul
[6] Skǫglar: Skǫgla 54, Bb(100ra)
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hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...
[7] vǫrn hans hœfðisk firnum ‘his defence was exceptionally fitting’: This entails the minimal emendation of hefðisk to hœfðisk, cf. hœfði ‘could match, was suitable’ in st. 12/7. The alternative line in ÓT, vegr hans hófsk með sigri ‘his honour was raised up with victory’, is also feasible.
[7] vǫrn hans hœfðisk firnum ‘his defence was exceptionally fitting’: This entails the minimal emendation of hefðisk to hœfðisk, cf. hœfði ‘could match, was suitable’ in st. 12/7. The alternative line in ÓT, vegr hans hófsk með sigri ‘his honour was raised up with victory’, is also feasible.
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2. hœfa (verb): hit, suit, befit
[7] hœfðisk: hefðisk Bb(112ra), hófsk 53, 54, Bb(100ra)
[7] vǫrn hans hœfðisk firnum ‘his defence was exceptionally fitting’: This entails the minimal emendation of hefðisk to hœfðisk, cf. hœfði ‘could match, was suitable’ in st. 12/7. The alternative line in ÓT, vegr hans hófsk með sigri ‘his honour was raised up with victory’, is also feasible.
[7] firnum: með sigri all others
[7] firnum ‘exceptionally’: The dat. pl. here functions as an intensifying adv., like the more usual firna (see st. 9/2 and Note). — [7] vǫrn hans hœfðisk firnum ‘his defence was exceptionally fitting’: This entails the minimal emendation of hefðisk to hœfðisk, cf. hœfði ‘could match, was suitable’ in st. 12/7. The alternative line in ÓT, vegr hans hófsk með sigri ‘his honour was raised up with victory’, is also feasible.
[7] firnum: með sigri all others
[7] firnum ‘exceptionally’: The dat. pl. here functions as an intensifying adv., like the more usual firna (see st. 9/2 and Note). — [7] vǫrn hans hœfðisk firnum ‘his defence was exceptionally fitting’: This entails the minimal emendation of hefðisk to hœfðisk, cf. hœfði ‘could match, was suitable’ in st. 12/7. The alternative line in ÓT, vegr hans hófsk með sigri ‘his honour was raised up with victory’, is also feasible.
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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framr (adj.; °compar. framari/fremri, superl. framastr/fremstr): outstanding, foremost
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3. at (prep.): at, to
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
As the Norwegians clear Danish ships, Sveinn and the surviving Danes retreat onto other vessels, proving a previous claim by King Óláfr that the Danes could never defeat the Norwegians. The first helmingr is then quoted. The second follows a summary statement that Óláfr made the Danes and Swedes flee.
[3] drótt hné þrútin dreya ‘the troop fell, swollen with blood’: The alternative line in ÓT, sôr frák drengjum dreyra ‘I have heard [there were] wounds with blood on the men’ is somewhat strained, and diverges from the normal metrical pattern in Rst as the first alliteration does not fall in position 1 or 2. — [8]: For this line of the refrain, see Note to st. 9/8. Hollr ‘faithful’ is an emendation here, but it is the reading of Bb(111vb) in st. 11/8.
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