Forað Lv 6^VIII (Ket 27)

Flaug ‘Flaug’

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2. Flaug (noun f.)

notes

[1, 3] Flaug ok Fífu; Hremsu ‘Flaug and Fífa; Hremsa’: These, the names of Gusi(r)’s three arrows, mean ‘Flight’ (Flaug), ‘Shaft’ (Hremsa) and/or are heiti for ‘arrow’; they appear in a list of arrow-heiti, Þul Ǫrvar 1/4, 6^III and 2/2^III; smiði Gusis ‘Gusir’s artefacts’ also occurs in the same þula at 2/4^III. The noun flaug is also used as a verbal noun referring to the flight of weapons (LP: 1. flaug), whilst Fífa ‘Arrow’ is recorded as the name of a ship in Rv Lv 8/4^II. The word fífa is also found as a plant-name (Eriophorum ‘wool grass’; Heizmann 1993a, 19, 43), and the use of this word as a designation for ‘arrow’ is thought to derive from the ‘feathers’ on the shaft (cf. Falk 1914b, 99; AEW, ÍO: fífa). Hremsa is used in the pl. as a common noun for ‘arrows’ ÞjóðA Sex 15/3^II, and in the same stanza (15/8) the arrow-kenning gjǫld Finna ‘the tribute of the Saami’ appears, suggesting a deliberate allusion to the Gusisnautar (see Note to ÞjóðA Sex 15/8^II). Similar arrow-kennings are nautar Gusis ‘Gusir’s gifts’ Refr Ferðv 5/4^III and gjǫld Finns ‘the tribute of the Saami (sg.)’ Hskv Útdr 10/3^II. These kennings from skalds of the C11th and C12th show that there must have been a story about Gusi(r) and his arrows, but we cannot know whether Ketill played any part in it. Falk (1914b, 99) interprets hremsa as a noun meaning ‘claw’ and adduces the verb hremsa = hremma ‘clutch’ (cf. AEW: hremsa; ÍO: 1 hremmsa; Fritzner: hremma, hremsa).

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

notes

[1, 3] Flaug ok Fífu; Hremsu ‘Flaug and Fífa; Hremsa’: These, the names of Gusi(r)’s three arrows, mean ‘Flight’ (Flaug), ‘Shaft’ (Hremsa) and/or are heiti for ‘arrow’; they appear in a list of arrow-heiti, Þul Ǫrvar 1/4, 6^III and 2/2^III; smiði Gusis ‘Gusir’s artefacts’ also occurs in the same þula at 2/4^III. The noun flaug is also used as a verbal noun referring to the flight of weapons (LP: 1. flaug), whilst Fífa ‘Arrow’ is recorded as the name of a ship in Rv Lv 8/4^II. The word fífa is also found as a plant-name (Eriophorum ‘wool grass’; Heizmann 1993a, 19, 43), and the use of this word as a designation for ‘arrow’ is thought to derive from the ‘feathers’ on the shaft (cf. Falk 1914b, 99; AEW, ÍO: fífa). Hremsa is used in the pl. as a common noun for ‘arrows’ ÞjóðA Sex 15/3^II, and in the same stanza (15/8) the arrow-kenning gjǫld Finna ‘the tribute of the Saami’ appears, suggesting a deliberate allusion to the Gusisnautar (see Note to ÞjóðA Sex 15/8^II). Similar arrow-kennings are nautar Gusis ‘Gusir’s gifts’ Refr Ferðv 5/4^III and gjǫld Finns ‘the tribute of the Saami (sg.)’ Hskv Útdr 10/3^II. These kennings from skalds of the C11th and C12th show that there must have been a story about Gusi(r) and his arrows, but we cannot know whether Ketill played any part in it. Falk (1914b, 99) interprets hremsa as a noun meaning ‘claw’ and adduces the verb hremsa = hremma ‘clutch’ (cf. AEW: hremsa; ÍO: 1 hremmsa; Fritzner: hremma, hremsa).

Fífu ‘Fífa’

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fífa (noun f.; °-u; -ur): fífa

notes

[1, 3] Flaug ok Fífu; Hremsu ‘Flaug and Fífa; Hremsa’: These, the names of Gusi(r)’s three arrows, mean ‘Flight’ (Flaug), ‘Shaft’ (Hremsa) and/or are heiti for ‘arrow’; they appear in a list of arrow-heiti, Þul Ǫrvar 1/4, 6^III and 2/2^III; smiði Gusis ‘Gusir’s artefacts’ also occurs in the same þula at 2/4^III. The noun flaug is also used as a verbal noun referring to the flight of weapons (LP: 1. flaug), whilst Fífa ‘Arrow’ is recorded as the name of a ship in Rv Lv 8/4^II. The word fífa is also found as a plant-name (Eriophorum ‘wool grass’; Heizmann 1993a, 19, 43), and the use of this word as a designation for ‘arrow’ is thought to derive from the ‘feathers’ on the shaft (cf. Falk 1914b, 99; AEW, ÍO: fífa). Hremsa is used in the pl. as a common noun for ‘arrows’ ÞjóðA Sex 15/3^II, and in the same stanza (15/8) the arrow-kenning gjǫld Finna ‘the tribute of the Saami’ appears, suggesting a deliberate allusion to the Gusisnautar (see Note to ÞjóðA Sex 15/8^II). Similar arrow-kennings are nautar Gusis ‘Gusir’s gifts’ Refr Ferðv 5/4^III and gjǫld Finns ‘the tribute of the Saami (sg.)’ Hskv Útdr 10/3^II. These kennings from skalds of the C11th and C12th show that there must have been a story about Gusi(r) and his arrows, but we cannot know whether Ketill played any part in it. Falk (1914b, 99) interprets hremsa as a noun meaning ‘claw’ and adduces the verb hremsa = hremma ‘clutch’ (cf. AEW: hremsa; ÍO: 1 hremmsa; Fritzner: hremma, hremsa).

hugða ‘thought’

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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider

[2] hugða: hygg 471

notes

[2] ek hugða ‘I thought’: Since the verb hræðumz (m. v.) in l. 3 is a pres. form Kock (NN §2391) prefers the reading hyg (= hygg), the 1st pers. pres. sg. of hyggja found in 471, given as hykk in Skald, to the pret. form hugða (so 343a; cf. CPB II, 558). Ms. 340ˣ gives the pret. form in both cases (cf. the text adopted in Edd. Min. and FSN).

ek ‘I’

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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

[2] ek: ek þér 471

notes

[2] ek hugða ‘I thought’: Since the verb hræðumz (m. v.) in l. 3 is a pres. form Kock (NN §2391) prefers the reading hyg (= hygg), the 1st pers. pres. sg. of hyggja found in 471, given as hykk in Skald, to the pret. form hugða (so 343a; cf. CPB II, 558). Ms. 340ˣ gives the pret. form in both cases (cf. the text adopted in Edd. Min. and FSN).

fjarri ‘far away’

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fjarri (adv.): far, far from it, unlikely

vera ‘were’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[3] ok: om. 471

notes

[3] ok hræðumz ek ei Hremsu bit ‘and I do not fear Hremsa’s bite’: Some previous eds (Finnur Jónsson, Kock, Edd. Min.) improve this line to reduce the number of syllables: they substitute hræðumkat ‘I do not fear’ or hræddumkat ‘I do not fear’, a verb form (m. v.) with the enclitic negative particle ‑at, for hræðumz ek ei. Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ) and Rafn (FSN) retain ek but change the negative particle to eigi.

hræðumz ‘do not fear’

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3. hræða (verb): fear, be afraid

notes

[3] ok hræðumz ek ei Hremsu bit ‘and I do not fear Hremsa’s bite’: Some previous eds (Finnur Jónsson, Kock, Edd. Min.) improve this line to reduce the number of syllables: they substitute hræðumkat ‘I do not fear’ or hræddumkat ‘I do not fear’, a verb form (m. v.) with the enclitic negative particle ‑at, for hræðumz ek ei. Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ) and Rafn (FSN) retain ek but change the negative particle to eigi.

ek ‘I’

(not checked:)
ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

notes

[3] ok hræðumz ek ei Hremsu bit ‘and I do not fear Hremsa’s bite’: Some previous eds (Finnur Jónsson, Kock, Edd. Min.) improve this line to reduce the number of syllables: they substitute hræðumkat ‘I do not fear’ or hræddumkat ‘I do not fear’, a verb form (m. v.) with the enclitic negative particle ‑at, for hræðumz ek ei. Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ) and Rafn (FSN) retain ek but change the negative particle to eigi.

ei ‘’

(not checked:)
3. ei (adv.): not

notes

[3] ok hræðumz ek ei Hremsu bit ‘and I do not fear Hremsa’s bite’: Some previous eds (Finnur Jónsson, Kock, Edd. Min.) improve this line to reduce the number of syllables: they substitute hræðumkat ‘I do not fear’ or hræddumkat ‘I do not fear’, a verb form (m. v.) with the enclitic negative particle ‑at, for hræðumz ek ei. Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ) and Rafn (FSN) retain ek but change the negative particle to eigi.

Hremsu ‘Hremsa’s’

(not checked:)
1. hremsa (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [shafts, Hremsa]

notes

[1, 3] Flaug ok Fífu; Hremsu ‘Flaug and Fífa; Hremsa’: These, the names of Gusi(r)’s three arrows, mean ‘Flight’ (Flaug), ‘Shaft’ (Hremsa) and/or are heiti for ‘arrow’; they appear in a list of arrow-heiti, Þul Ǫrvar 1/4, 6^III and 2/2^III; smiði Gusis ‘Gusir’s artefacts’ also occurs in the same þula at 2/4^III. The noun flaug is also used as a verbal noun referring to the flight of weapons (LP: 1. flaug), whilst Fífa ‘Arrow’ is recorded as the name of a ship in Rv Lv 8/4^II. The word fífa is also found as a plant-name (Eriophorum ‘wool grass’; Heizmann 1993a, 19, 43), and the use of this word as a designation for ‘arrow’ is thought to derive from the ‘feathers’ on the shaft (cf. Falk 1914b, 99; AEW, ÍO: fífa). Hremsa is used in the pl. as a common noun for ‘arrows’ ÞjóðA Sex 15/3^II, and in the same stanza (15/8) the arrow-kenning gjǫld Finna ‘the tribute of the Saami’ appears, suggesting a deliberate allusion to the Gusisnautar (see Note to ÞjóðA Sex 15/8^II). Similar arrow-kennings are nautar Gusis ‘Gusir’s gifts’ Refr Ferðv 5/4^III and gjǫld Finns ‘the tribute of the Saami (sg.)’ Hskv Útdr 10/3^II. These kennings from skalds of the C11th and C12th show that there must have been a story about Gusi(r) and his arrows, but we cannot know whether Ketill played any part in it. Falk (1914b, 99) interprets hremsa as a noun meaning ‘claw’ and adduces the verb hremsa = hremma ‘clutch’ (cf. AEW: hremsa; ÍO: 1 hremmsa; Fritzner: hremma, hremsa). — [3] ok hræðumz ek ei Hremsu bit ‘and I do not fear Hremsa’s bite’: Some previous eds (Finnur Jónsson, Kock, Edd. Min.) improve this line to reduce the number of syllables: they substitute hræðumkat ‘I do not fear’ or hræddumkat ‘I do not fear’, a verb form (m. v.) with the enclitic negative particle ‑at, for hræðumz ek ei. Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ) and Rafn (FSN) retain ek but change the negative particle to eigi.

Hremsu ‘Hremsa’s’

(not checked:)
1. hremsa (noun f.; °-u; -ur): [shafts, Hremsa]

notes

[1, 3] Flaug ok Fífu; Hremsu ‘Flaug and Fífa; Hremsa’: These, the names of Gusi(r)’s three arrows, mean ‘Flight’ (Flaug), ‘Shaft’ (Hremsa) and/or are heiti for ‘arrow’; they appear in a list of arrow-heiti, Þul Ǫrvar 1/4, 6^III and 2/2^III; smiði Gusis ‘Gusir’s artefacts’ also occurs in the same þula at 2/4^III. The noun flaug is also used as a verbal noun referring to the flight of weapons (LP: 1. flaug), whilst Fífa ‘Arrow’ is recorded as the name of a ship in Rv Lv 8/4^II. The word fífa is also found as a plant-name (Eriophorum ‘wool grass’; Heizmann 1993a, 19, 43), and the use of this word as a designation for ‘arrow’ is thought to derive from the ‘feathers’ on the shaft (cf. Falk 1914b, 99; AEW, ÍO: fífa). Hremsa is used in the pl. as a common noun for ‘arrows’ ÞjóðA Sex 15/3^II, and in the same stanza (15/8) the arrow-kenning gjǫld Finna ‘the tribute of the Saami’ appears, suggesting a deliberate allusion to the Gusisnautar (see Note to ÞjóðA Sex 15/8^II). Similar arrow-kennings are nautar Gusis ‘Gusir’s gifts’ Refr Ferðv 5/4^III and gjǫld Finns ‘the tribute of the Saami (sg.)’ Hskv Útdr 10/3^II. These kennings from skalds of the C11th and C12th show that there must have been a story about Gusi(r) and his arrows, but we cannot know whether Ketill played any part in it. Falk (1914b, 99) interprets hremsa as a noun meaning ‘claw’ and adduces the verb hremsa = hremma ‘clutch’ (cf. AEW: hremsa; ÍO: 1 hremmsa; Fritzner: hremma, hremsa). — [3] ok hræðumz ek ei Hremsu bit ‘and I do not fear Hremsa’s bite’: Some previous eds (Finnur Jónsson, Kock, Edd. Min.) improve this line to reduce the number of syllables: they substitute hræðumkat ‘I do not fear’ or hræddumkat ‘I do not fear’, a verb form (m. v.) with the enclitic negative particle ‑at, for hræðumz ek ei. Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ) and Rafn (FSN) retain ek but change the negative particle to eigi.

bit ‘bite’

(not checked:)
bit (noun n.; °-s; -): [biting]

notes

[3] ok hræðumz ek ei Hremsu bit ‘and I do not fear Hremsa’s bite’: Some previous eds (Finnur Jónsson, Kock, Edd. Min.) improve this line to reduce the number of syllables: they substitute hræðumkat ‘I do not fear’ or hræddumkat ‘I do not fear’, a verb form (m. v.) with the enclitic negative particle ‑at, for hræðumz ek ei. Guðni Jónsson (FSGJ) and Rafn (FSN) retain ek but change the negative particle to eigi.