Forað Lv 2VIII (Ket 18)
Beatrice La Farge (ed.) 2017, ‘Ketils saga hœngs 18 (Forað, Lausavísur 2)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 568.
Mörgum ‘many’
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
manni ‘a man’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
hefik ‘I have’
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hafa (verb): have
til ‘towards’
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til (prep.): to
notes
[2] snúit til moldar ‘turned towards the earth’: I.e. ‘led to death, caused to die’.
moldar ‘the earth’
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mold (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u; -ir): earth, soil
notes
[2] snúit til moldar ‘turned towards the earth’: I.e. ‘led to death, caused to die’.
snúit ‘turned’
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snúa (verb): turn
notes
[2] snúit til moldar ‘turned towards the earth’: I.e. ‘led to death, caused to die’.
er ‘who’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
notes
[3] fór á fiski ‘went fishing’: The reading of 471 has been preferred over that of 343a, til fiskjar fóru ‘went (3rd pers. pl.) fishing’, both because the sg. (fór) rather than the pl. verb would be expected after the dat. sg. mörgum manni ‘many a man’, and because á fiski fór is metrically preferable, as a full line in ljóðaháttr should not end in a disyllabic word with a long first syllable.
notes
[3] fór á fiski ‘went fishing’: The reading of 471 has been preferred over that of 343a, til fiskjar fóru ‘went (3rd pers. pl.) fishing’, both because the sg. (fór) rather than the pl. verb would be expected after the dat. sg. mörgum manni ‘many a man’, and because á fiski fór is metrically preferable, as a full line in ljóðaháttr should not end in a disyllabic word with a long first syllable.
fór ‘went’
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fara (verb; ferr, fór, fóru, farinn): go, travel
[3] á fiski fór: so 471, til fiskjar fóru 343a
notes
[3] fór á fiski ‘went fishing’: The reading of 471 has been preferred over that of 343a, til fiskjar fóru ‘went (3rd pers. pl.) fishing’, both because the sg. (fór) rather than the pl. verb would be expected after the dat. sg. mörgum manni ‘many a man’, and because á fiski fór is metrically preferable, as a full line in ljóðaháttr should not end in a disyllabic word with a long first syllable.
notes
[4] hverr er sjá inn köpurmáli ‘who is that presumptious-speaking man’: The adj. kǫpurmáll is a hap. leg. but the synonym kǫpurmálugr appears in Ǫrv, where it is used of Ǫrvar-Oddr by the giant Hildir (Ǫrv 1888, 121 and variant reading l. 24). The etymology of kǫpur- is obscure (AEW: kǫpurmáll; ÍO: köpurmáll), but its sense is clearly derogatory, and implies arrogance, defiance and recklessness in the speaker. Giants are often represented in Old Norse literature as using comparable expressions to belittle their opponents (cf. Kommentar II, 190-1 to Hárb 13/5). In Gylf the giant Skrýmir warns Þórr that the people at the abode of the giant-like Útgarðaloki will not tolerate þvílíkum kǫgursveinum kǫpuryrði ‘overbearing speech of such babes in arms’ (SnE 2005, 39); cf. the similar episode in Þiðr ch. 303 (Þiðr 1905-11, I, 362).
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
notes
[4] hverr er sjá inn köpurmáli ‘who is that presumptious-speaking man’: The adj. kǫpurmáll is a hap. leg. but the synonym kǫpurmálugr appears in Ǫrv, where it is used of Ǫrvar-Oddr by the giant Hildir (Ǫrv 1888, 121 and variant reading l. 24). The etymology of kǫpur- is obscure (AEW: kǫpurmáll; ÍO: köpurmáll), but its sense is clearly derogatory, and implies arrogance, defiance and recklessness in the speaker. Giants are often represented in Old Norse literature as using comparable expressions to belittle their opponents (cf. Kommentar II, 190-1 to Hárb 13/5). In Gylf the giant Skrýmir warns Þórr that the people at the abode of the giant-like Útgarðaloki will not tolerate þvílíkum kǫgursveinum kǫpuryrði ‘overbearing speech of such babes in arms’ (SnE 2005, 39); cf. the similar episode in Þiðr ch. 303 (Þiðr 1905-11, I, 362).
sjá ‘’
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1. sjá (pron.; °gen. þessa dat. þessum/þeima, acc. þenna; f. sjá/þessi; n. þetta, dat. þessu/þvísa; pl. þessir): this
notes
[4] hverr er sjá inn köpurmáli ‘who is that presumptious-speaking man’: The adj. kǫpurmáll is a hap. leg. but the synonym kǫpurmálugr appears in Ǫrv, where it is used of Ǫrvar-Oddr by the giant Hildir (Ǫrv 1888, 121 and variant reading l. 24). The etymology of kǫpur- is obscure (AEW: kǫpurmáll; ÍO: köpurmáll), but its sense is clearly derogatory, and implies arrogance, defiance and recklessness in the speaker. Giants are often represented in Old Norse literature as using comparable expressions to belittle their opponents (cf. Kommentar II, 190-1 to Hárb 13/5). In Gylf the giant Skrýmir warns Þórr that the people at the abode of the giant-like Útgarðaloki will not tolerate þvílíkum kǫgursveinum kǫpuryrði ‘overbearing speech of such babes in arms’ (SnE 2005, 39); cf. the similar episode in Þiðr ch. 303 (Þiðr 1905-11, I, 362).
inn ‘that’
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2. inn (art.): the
notes
[4] hverr er sjá inn köpurmáli ‘who is that presumptious-speaking man’: The adj. kǫpurmáll is a hap. leg. but the synonym kǫpurmálugr appears in Ǫrv, where it is used of Ǫrvar-Oddr by the giant Hildir (Ǫrv 1888, 121 and variant reading l. 24). The etymology of kǫpur- is obscure (AEW: kǫpurmáll; ÍO: köpurmáll), but its sense is clearly derogatory, and implies arrogance, defiance and recklessness in the speaker. Giants are often represented in Old Norse literature as using comparable expressions to belittle their opponents (cf. Kommentar II, 190-1 to Hárb 13/5). In Gylf the giant Skrýmir warns Þórr that the people at the abode of the giant-like Útgarðaloki will not tolerate þvílíkum kǫgursveinum kǫpuryrði ‘overbearing speech of such babes in arms’ (SnE 2005, 39); cf. the similar episode in Þiðr ch. 303 (Þiðr 1905-11, I, 362).
köpurmáli ‘presumptious-speaking man’
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kǫpurmáll (adj.)
notes
[4] hverr er sjá inn köpurmáli ‘who is that presumptious-speaking man’: The adj. kǫpurmáll is a hap. leg. but the synonym kǫpurmálugr appears in Ǫrv, where it is used of Ǫrvar-Oddr by the giant Hildir (Ǫrv 1888, 121 and variant reading l. 24). The etymology of kǫpur- is obscure (AEW: kǫpurmáll; ÍO: köpurmáll), but its sense is clearly derogatory, and implies arrogance, defiance and recklessness in the speaker. Giants are often represented in Old Norse literature as using comparable expressions to belittle their opponents (cf. Kommentar II, 190-1 to Hárb 13/5). In Gylf the giant Skrýmir warns Þórr that the people at the abode of the giant-like Útgarðaloki will not tolerate þvílíkum kǫgursveinum kǫpuryrði ‘overbearing speech of such babes in arms’ (SnE 2005, 39); cf. the similar episode in Þiðr ch. 303 (Þiðr 1905-11, I, 362).
er ‘who’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
kominn ‘has come’
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koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come
er ‘’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
skerin ‘the skerries’
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sker (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): skerry
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
In the saga this continuation of Forað’s answer is prefaced with the words: Ok enn kvað hún ‘And she also said’.
In 343a, 471 and 340ˣ this stanza consists of a first half-stanza in ljóðaháttr followed by a single long-line; in other mss the full-line of the first half-stanza is expanded into a long-line. The second half-stanza is expanded as well, the result being either one long-line whose two parts are unusually long or two long-lines, the second of which contains no words that alliterate. Edd. Min. 80 n. records the text of these variants.
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