ÞjóðA Sex 22^II

Gagn brann greypra þegna;
glóð varð fǫst í tróði;
laust hertoga hristir
Heina illum steini.
Lífs bôðu sér lýðir;
logi þingaði Hringum
nauðgan dóm, áðr næmisk
niðrfall Hôolfs galla.

Gagn greypra þegna brann; glóð varð fǫst í tróði; {hristir hertoga} laust Heina illum steini. Lýðir bôðu sér lífs; logi þingaði Hringum nauðgan dóm, áðr niðrfall {galla Hôolfs} næmisk.

The assets of bold retainers burned up; embers were lodged in the thatch; {the shaker of war-leaders} [RULER] struck the Heinir with a dire stone. The people begged for their lives; fire pronounced on the Hringar an enforced verdict, before the cessation {of the destruction of Hálfr <legendary king>} [FIRE] took place.

Mss: Kˣ(571r), 39(29rb-vb), F(50vb), E(24r), J2ˣ(289v) (Hkr); FskBˣ(77v-78r), FskAˣ(286-287) (Fsk, ll. 5-8); Mork(11r) (Mork, ll. 5-8); Flat(199rb) (Flat, ll. 5-8); H(60v), Hr(44va) (H-Hr)

Readings: [4] Heina: so 39, F, E, J2ˣ, H, hann eina possibly corrected to heina Kˣ, heima Hr    [5] lýðir: ‘lyðar’ E, FskBˣ, liðar FskAˣ    [6] logi: so all others, logaði Kˣ    [7] nauðgan: ‘nꜹðgam’ F;    áðr: áðr enn FskAˣ;    næmisk: næði F, E, FskBˣ, Mork, Flat, H, Hr    [8] Hôolfs (‘hálfs’): hafs FskBˣ

Editions: Skj AI, 374, Skj BI, 344, Skald I, 173; Hkr 1893-1901, III, 183-4, IV, 234-5, ÍF 28, 166-7, Hkr 1991, 669 (HSig ch. 73), F 1871, 238, E 1916, 85; Fsk 1902-3, 277 (ch. 47), ÍF 29, 272-3 (ch. 57); Mork 1928-32, 188, Andersson and Gade 2000, 216-17, 477 (MH); Flat 1860-8, III, 351 (MH), Fms 6, 340 (HSig ch. 91), Fms 12, 159.

Context: Following st. 20, Haraldr continues his punitive ravaging of Opplandene (Upplǫnd). In Hkr and H-Hr, Haraldr harries Hedmark (Heiðmǫrk), Hadeland (Haðaland) and Ringerike (Hringaríki). In Fsk, Mork and Flat, he proceeds to Ringerike, where he burns settlements. Þjóðolfr’s reference to the people’s submission to Haraldr is noted.

Notes: [All]: In Mork and Flat, st. 22/5-8 forms the first half of a st. with 11/5-8. Mork has ll. 5-6 in main text, and 7-8 in the upper margin in the same hand. — [3] hristir hertoga ‘the shaker of war-leaders [RULER]’: An unusual kenning, since hristir ‘shaker’ normally appears in warrior-kennings with terms for weapons or treasure as the determinant (Meissner 296), but cf. hneykir hertoga ‘confounder of war-leaders’ in st. 8/1. For the word hertogi ‘duke’, lit. ‘army leader’ or ‘war-leader’, see Notes to Ólhv Hryn 5/8 and Sturl Hákkv 23/8. — [4, 6] Heina; Hringum ‘the Heinir; the Hringar’: The people of Hedmark (Heiðmǫrk) and Ringerike (Hringaríki), respectively. Both their domains lie north of Oslofjorden and Viken, Hedmark in the east of Norway and Ringerike to its south and west. — [8] galla Hôolfs ‘of the destruction of Hálfr <legendary king> [FIRE]’: This is a reference to the burning-in of King Hálfr (Hálf chs 12-13). The fire-kenning bani Holfs ‘death of Hálfr’ is found in Þjóð Yt 6/7^I. Holfs is disyllabic; see LP: Hlfr and references there.

References

1. Bibliography
2. Fms = Sveinbjörn Egilsson et al., eds. 1825-37. Fornmanna sögur eptir gömlum handritum útgefnar að tilhlutun hins norræna fornfræða fèlags. 12 vols. Copenhagen: Popp.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. Meissner = Meissner, Rudolf. 1921. Die Kenningar der Skalden: Ein Beitrag zur skaldischen Poetik. Rheinische Beiträge und Hülfsbücher zur germanischen Philologie und Volkskunde 1. Bonn and Leipzig: Schroeder. Rpt. 1984. Hildesheim etc.: Olms.
5. LP = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1931. Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Møller.
6. Andersson, Theodore M. and Kari Ellen Gade, trans. 2000. Morkinskinna: The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030-1157). Islandica 51. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
7. Flat 1860-8 = Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and C. R. Unger, eds. 1860-8. Flateyjarbók. En samling af norske konge-sagaer med indskudte mindre fortællinger om begivenheder i og udenfor Norge samt annaler. 3 vols. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
8. Mork 1928-32 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1928-32. Morkinskinna. SUGNL 53. Copenhagen: Jørgensen.
9. ÍF 26-8 = Heimskringla. Ed. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson. 1941-51.
10. Hkr 1893-1901 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1893-1901. Heimskringla: Nóregs konunga sǫgur af Snorri Sturluson. 4 vols. SUGNL 23. Copenhagen: Møller.
11. Hkr 1991 = Bergljót S. Kristjánsdóttir et al., eds. 1991. Heimskringla. 3 vols. Reykjavík: Mál og menning.
12. F 1871 = Unger, C. R., ed. 1871. Fríssbók: Codex Frisianus. En samling af norske konge-sagaer. Christiania (Oslo): Malling.
13. Fsk 1902-3 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1902-3. Fagrskinna: Nóregs kononga tal. SUGNL 30. Copenhagen: Møller.
14. E 1916 = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1916. Eirspennill: AM 47 fol. Nóregs konunga sǫgur: Magnús góði – Hákon gamli. Kristiania (Oslo): Den norske historiske kildeskriftskommission.
15. ÍF 29 = Ágrip af Nóregskonunga sǫgum; Fagrskinna—Nóregs konungatal. Ed. Bjarni Einarsson. 1985.
16. Internal references
17. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Heimskringla’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=4> (accessed 26 April 2024)
18. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Flateyjarbók’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=44> (accessed 26 April 2024)
19. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Fagrskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=56> (accessed 26 April 2024)
20. 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 303. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=75> (accessed 26 April 2024)
21. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Hulda-Hrokkinskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=84> (accessed 26 April 2024)
22. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Morkinskinna’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=87> (accessed 26 April 2024)
23. (forthcoming), ‘ Heimskringla, Haralds saga Sigurðssonar’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=142> (accessed 26 April 2024)
24. (forthcoming), ‘ Unattributed, Magnúss saga góða ok Haralds harðráða’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=147> (accessed 26 April 2024)
25. Lauren Goetting (ed.) 2009, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Hrynhenda 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 662-3.
26. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hákonarkviða 23’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 716-17.
27. Edith Marold (ed.) 2012, ‘Þjóðólfr ór Hvini, Ynglingatal 6’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 17.