Bragi Rdr 9^III

Bauða ‘did not offer’

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bjóða (verb; °býðr; bauð, buðu; boðinn (buð- Thom¹ 5²n.)): offer, order, invite

sú ‘That’

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1. sá (pron.; °gen. þess, dat. þeim, acc. þann; f. sú, gen. þeirrar, acc. þá; n. þat, dat. því; pl. m. þeir, f. þǽ---): that (one), those

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 4] sú bœti-Þrúðr dreyrugra benja ‘that curing-Þrúðr <goddess> of bloody wounds [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’: A kenning with a specific reference to Hildr, formed similarly to ósk-Rôn ofþerris æða ‘the desiring-Rán <goddess> of the excessive drying of veins [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/1, 2) and hristi-Sif hringa ‘shaking-Sif <goddess> of rings [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/5), where the base-word is a cpd of an adj. formed from a verb (or, in the case of ósk-Rôn, a noun) plus goddess name (in this case Þórr’s daughter Þrúðr) and the determinant alludes to Hildr’s life-threatening, battle-promoting intentions. This kenning must be ironic; Hildr cured wounds in order to revive the warriors to fight again.

til ‘for the sake of’

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til (prep.): to

notes

[1] til bleyði ‘for the sake of cowardice’: The sense is that Hildr did not offer Hǫgni the neck-ring in order to prevent her father fighting by presenting him with atonement for Heðinn’s abduction of her. Rather, her intention was the opposite. Exactly how she provoked Hǫgni is not clear. Snorri’s prose account states only that she made it plain that Heðinn would not capitulate. For a view that shameful connotations of the ring itself may have played a part in her provocation, see Clunies Ross (1973b).

bleyði ‘cowardice’

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bleyði (noun f.; °-): cowardice

[1] bleyði: ‘brodi’ Tˣ

notes

[1] til bleyði ‘for the sake of cowardice’: The sense is that Hildr did not offer Hǫgni the neck-ring in order to prevent her father fighting by presenting him with atonement for Heðinn’s abduction of her. Rather, her intention was the opposite. Exactly how she provoked Hǫgni is not clear. Snorri’s prose account states only that she made it plain that Heðinn would not capitulate. For a view that shameful connotations of the ring itself may have played a part in her provocation, see Clunies Ross (1973b).

bœti ‘curing’

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bœta (verb; °-tt-): better, emend, compensate < Bœtiþrúðr (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 4] sú bœti-Þrúðr dreyrugra benja ‘that curing-Þrúðr <goddess> of bloody wounds [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’: A kenning with a specific reference to Hildr, formed similarly to ósk-Rôn ofþerris æða ‘the desiring-Rán <goddess> of the excessive drying of veins [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/1, 2) and hristi-Sif hringa ‘shaking-Sif <goddess> of rings [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/5), where the base-word is a cpd of an adj. formed from a verb (or, in the case of ósk-Rôn, a noun) plus goddess name (in this case Þórr’s daughter Þrúðr) and the determinant alludes to Hildr’s life-threatening, battle-promoting intentions. This kenning must be ironic; Hildr cured wounds in order to revive the warriors to fight again.

Þrúðr ‘Þrúðr’

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Þrúðr (noun f.): Þrúðr < Bœtiþrúðr (noun f.)

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 4] sú bœti-Þrúðr dreyrugra benja ‘that curing-Þrúðr <goddess> of bloody wounds [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’: A kenning with a specific reference to Hildr, formed similarly to ósk-Rôn ofþerris æða ‘the desiring-Rán <goddess> of the excessive drying of veins [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/1, 2) and hristi-Sif hringa ‘shaking-Sif <goddess> of rings [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/5), where the base-word is a cpd of an adj. formed from a verb (or, in the case of ósk-Rôn, a noun) plus goddess name (in this case Þórr’s daughter Þrúðr) and the determinant alludes to Hildr’s life-threatening, battle-promoting intentions. This kenning must be ironic; Hildr cured wounds in order to revive the warriors to fight again.

at ‘at’

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3. at (prep.): at, to

móti ‘the assembly’

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1. mót (noun n.; °; -): meeting

kennings

malma ‘of weapons’

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malmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): metal

kennings

mætum ‘the splendid’

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mætr (adj.; °compar. -ri/-ari, superl. -astr): honoured, respected

[3] mætum: mærum Tˣ

hilmi ‘ruler’

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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector

[3] hilmi: so Tˣ, W, ‘hilm’ R

men ‘the neck-ring’

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2. men (noun n.; °; dat. menjum): neck-ring

dreyrugra ‘of bloody’

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dreyrugr (adj.; °dreyrgan/dreyrugan; superl. dreyrgastr): bloody

[4] dreyrugra: so Tˣ, W, ‘dreruga’ R

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 4] sú bœti-Þrúðr dreyrugra benja ‘that curing-Þrúðr <goddess> of bloody wounds [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’: A kenning with a specific reference to Hildr, formed similarly to ósk-Rôn ofþerris æða ‘the desiring-Rán <goddess> of the excessive drying of veins [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/1, 2) and hristi-Sif hringa ‘shaking-Sif <goddess> of rings [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/5), where the base-word is a cpd of an adj. formed from a verb (or, in the case of ósk-Rôn, a noun) plus goddess name (in this case Þórr’s daughter Þrúðr) and the determinant alludes to Hildr’s life-threatening, battle-promoting intentions. This kenning must be ironic; Hildr cured wounds in order to revive the warriors to fight again.

benja ‘wounds’

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1. ben (noun f.; °-jar, dat. -; -jar , gen. -a(var. EiðKrC 402¹³: AM 77 4°— “D”)): wound

kennings

notes

[1, 2, 4] sú bœti-Þrúðr dreyrugra benja ‘that curing-Þrúðr <goddess> of bloody wounds [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’: A kenning with a specific reference to Hildr, formed similarly to ósk-Rôn ofþerris æða ‘the desiring-Rán <goddess> of the excessive drying of veins [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/1, 2) and hristi-Sif hringa ‘shaking-Sif <goddess> of rings [VALKYRIE = Hildr]’ (st. 8/5), where the base-word is a cpd of an adj. formed from a verb (or, in the case of ósk-Rôn, a noun) plus goddess name (in this case Þórr’s daughter Þrúðr) and the determinant alludes to Hildr’s life-threatening, battle-promoting intentions. This kenning must be ironic; Hildr cured wounds in order to revive the warriors to fight again.

Svá ‘Thus’

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svá (adv.): so, thus

lét ‘behaved’

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láta (verb): let, have sth done

ey ‘continually’

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4. ey (adv.): always

þótt ‘although’

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þó (adv.): though

etti ‘she was inciting’

sem ‘as if’

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sem (conj.): as, which

orrostu ‘the battle’

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orrusta (noun f.; °-u; -ur): battle

[6] orrostu: so Tˣ, W, orrosta R

letti ‘she was hindering’

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láta (verb): let, have sth done

jǫfrum ‘the princes’

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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince

ulfs ‘of a wolf [Fenrir]’

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1. ulfr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): wolf

kennings

notes

[7-8] at sinna með lifru algífris ulfs ‘to accompany the sister of the complete monster of a wolf [Fenrir] [= Hel]’: The general sense of the lines is that Hildr incited the princes (Hǫgni and Heðinn) to join the company of Hel, guardian of the dead and the underworld, that is, she egged them on to their deaths. Hel was one of three monstrous offspring of the god Loki, another of whom was the wolf, Fenrir, referred to here. The status of the word algífris ‘completely monstrous’ (l. 8) is debated. It is here understood as a descriptive gen. of algífri ‘complete monster’ (so SnE 1998, II, 233), taken with ulfs (l. 7), so ‘of the complete monster of a wolf’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes ulfs with lifru ‘sister’ (l. 8) and construes til at rejse til det fuldkomne uhyre, ulvens søster ‘to travel to the complete monster, the wolf’s sister’. Kock (NN §193, though not in Skald) takes algífris with lifru to form a cpd, construing ulfs algífrislifru ‘the wolf’s very monstrous sister’.

at ‘to’

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4. at (conj.): that

[7] at: of Tˣ, of corrected from another word both on and above the line in scribal hand W

notes

[7-8] at sinna með lifru algífris ulfs ‘to accompany the sister of the complete monster of a wolf [Fenrir] [= Hel]’: The general sense of the lines is that Hildr incited the princes (Hǫgni and Heðinn) to join the company of Hel, guardian of the dead and the underworld, that is, she egged them on to their deaths. Hel was one of three monstrous offspring of the god Loki, another of whom was the wolf, Fenrir, referred to here. The status of the word algífris ‘completely monstrous’ (l. 8) is debated. It is here understood as a descriptive gen. of algífri ‘complete monster’ (so SnE 1998, II, 233), taken with ulfs (l. 7), so ‘of the complete monster of a wolf’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes ulfs with lifru ‘sister’ (l. 8) and construes til at rejse til det fuldkomne uhyre, ulvens søster ‘to travel to the complete monster, the wolf’s sister’. Kock (NN §193, though not in Skald) takes algífris with lifru to form a cpd, construing ulfs algífrislifru ‘the wolf’s very monstrous sister’.

sinna ‘accompany’

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2. sinna (verb): travel

notes

[7-8] at sinna með lifru algífris ulfs ‘to accompany the sister of the complete monster of a wolf [Fenrir] [= Hel]’: The general sense of the lines is that Hildr incited the princes (Hǫgni and Heðinn) to join the company of Hel, guardian of the dead and the underworld, that is, she egged them on to their deaths. Hel was one of three monstrous offspring of the god Loki, another of whom was the wolf, Fenrir, referred to here. The status of the word algífris ‘completely monstrous’ (l. 8) is debated. It is here understood as a descriptive gen. of algífri ‘complete monster’ (so SnE 1998, II, 233), taken with ulfs (l. 7), so ‘of the complete monster of a wolf’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes ulfs with lifru ‘sister’ (l. 8) and construes til at rejse til det fuldkomne uhyre, ulvens søster ‘to travel to the complete monster, the wolf’s sister’. Kock (NN §193, though not in Skald) takes algífris with lifru to form a cpd, construing ulfs algífrislifru ‘the wolf’s very monstrous sister’.

með ‘’

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með (prep.): with

notes

[7-8] at sinna með lifru algífris ulfs ‘to accompany the sister of the complete monster of a wolf [Fenrir] [= Hel]’: The general sense of the lines is that Hildr incited the princes (Hǫgni and Heðinn) to join the company of Hel, guardian of the dead and the underworld, that is, she egged them on to their deaths. Hel was one of three monstrous offspring of the god Loki, another of whom was the wolf, Fenrir, referred to here. The status of the word algífris ‘completely monstrous’ (l. 8) is debated. It is here understood as a descriptive gen. of algífri ‘complete monster’ (so SnE 1998, II, 233), taken with ulfs (l. 7), so ‘of the complete monster of a wolf’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes ulfs with lifru ‘sister’ (l. 8) and construes til at rejse til det fuldkomne uhyre, ulvens søster ‘to travel to the complete monster, the wolf’s sister’. Kock (NN §193, though not in Skald) takes algífris with lifru to form a cpd, construing ulfs algífrislifru ‘the wolf’s very monstrous sister’.

algífris ‘of the complete monster’

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algífri (noun n.): [complete monster]

kennings

notes

[7-8] at sinna með lifru algífris ulfs ‘to accompany the sister of the complete monster of a wolf [Fenrir] [= Hel]’: The general sense of the lines is that Hildr incited the princes (Hǫgni and Heðinn) to join the company of Hel, guardian of the dead and the underworld, that is, she egged them on to their deaths. Hel was one of three monstrous offspring of the god Loki, another of whom was the wolf, Fenrir, referred to here. The status of the word algífris ‘completely monstrous’ (l. 8) is debated. It is here understood as a descriptive gen. of algífri ‘complete monster’ (so SnE 1998, II, 233), taken with ulfs (l. 7), so ‘of the complete monster of a wolf’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes ulfs with lifru ‘sister’ (l. 8) and construes til at rejse til det fuldkomne uhyre, ulvens søster ‘to travel to the complete monster, the wolf’s sister’. Kock (NN §193, though not in Skald) takes algífris with lifru to form a cpd, construing ulfs algífrislifru ‘the wolf’s very monstrous sister’.

lifru ‘the sister’

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lifra (noun f.): [sister]

kennings

notes

[7-8] at sinna með lifru algífris ulfs ‘to accompany the sister of the complete monster of a wolf [Fenrir] [= Hel]’: The general sense of the lines is that Hildr incited the princes (Hǫgni and Heðinn) to join the company of Hel, guardian of the dead and the underworld, that is, she egged them on to their deaths. Hel was one of three monstrous offspring of the god Loki, another of whom was the wolf, Fenrir, referred to here. The status of the word algífris ‘completely monstrous’ (l. 8) is debated. It is here understood as a descriptive gen. of algífri ‘complete monster’ (so SnE 1998, II, 233), taken with ulfs (l. 7), so ‘of the complete monster of a wolf’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes ulfs with lifru ‘sister’ (l. 8) and construes til at rejse til det fuldkomne uhyre, ulvens søster ‘to travel to the complete monster, the wolf’s sister’. Kock (NN §193, though not in Skald) takes algífris with lifru to form a cpd, construing ulfs algífrislifru ‘the wolf’s very monstrous sister’. — [8] lifru ‘the sister’: A hap. leg. in recorded poetry although the m. equivalent lifri is a little more common (see LP: lifra, lifri; AEW: lifr ‘liver’).

lifru ‘the sister’

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lifra (noun f.): [sister]

kennings

notes

[7-8] at sinna með lifru algífris ulfs ‘to accompany the sister of the complete monster of a wolf [Fenrir] [= Hel]’: The general sense of the lines is that Hildr incited the princes (Hǫgni and Heðinn) to join the company of Hel, guardian of the dead and the underworld, that is, she egged them on to their deaths. Hel was one of three monstrous offspring of the god Loki, another of whom was the wolf, Fenrir, referred to here. The status of the word algífris ‘completely monstrous’ (l. 8) is debated. It is here understood as a descriptive gen. of algífri ‘complete monster’ (so SnE 1998, II, 233), taken with ulfs (l. 7), so ‘of the complete monster of a wolf’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) takes ulfs with lifru ‘sister’ (l. 8) and construes til at rejse til det fuldkomne uhyre, ulvens søster ‘to travel to the complete monster, the wolf’s sister’. Kock (NN §193, though not in Skald) takes algífris with lifru to form a cpd, construing ulfs algífrislifru ‘the wolf’s very monstrous sister’. — [8] lifru ‘the sister’: A hap. leg. in recorded poetry although the m. equivalent lifri is a little more common (see LP: lifra, lifri; AEW: lifr ‘liver’).