Þul Fugla 5^III

Langvé, lundi,         lóa, fjǫlmóði
fýling, lóþræll,         friggjarelda,
rindilþvari, líri,         rjúpa, fjallrota,
jarpi, ertla         ok jaðrakárn.

Langvé, lundi, lóa, fjǫlmóði, fýling, lóþræll, friggjarelda, rindilþvari, líri, rjúpa, fjallrota, jarpi, ertla ok jaðrakárn.

Guillemot, puffin, golden plover, sandpiper, fulmar, dunlin, white wagtail, wren, shearwater, ptarmigan, fjallrota, hazel grouse, wagtail and whimbrel.

Mss: A(21r) (SnE)

Readings: [7] jarpi: ‘lárpe’ A

Editions: Skj AI, 687, Skj BI, 677, Skald I, 341, NN §3140; SnE 1848-87, II, 489.

Notes: [All]: Of the heiti listed in this stanza only two are found in poetry (lundi m. ‘puffin’ l. 1 and líri m. ‘shearwater’ l. 5). — [1] langvé (f.) ‘guillemot’: Uria aalge, a seabird, a large auk; ModIcel. langvía, ModNorw. lomvi (cf. Bjarni Sæmundsson 1936, 638). The second element of the cpd is spelled ‘-vę’ in the ms. — [1] lundi (m.) ‘puffin’: The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) of the auk family. — [2] lóa (f.) ‘golden plover’: ModIcel. lóa ‘golden plover’ (Pluvalis apricana). The more archaic form of the word was ló f. (cf. lóþræll ‘dunlin’, ModIcel. heiðló, heiðlóa, ModNorw. heilo ‘plover’ (see AEW: ló; ÍO: heiðló, heiðlóa). — [2] fjǫlmóði (m.) ‘sandpiper’: Lit. ‘very bold one’ or ‘very weary one’, from the intensifying prefix fjǫl- and the adj. móðr ‘brave’ or ‘weary’ (LP: fjǫlmóði). This is the same bird as ModIcel. sendlingur (cf. sendlingr in st. 7/5 below), ModNorw. fjæreplytt (Calidris maritima; see Bjarni Sæmundsson 1936, 373). — [3] fýling (f.) ‘fulmar’: Fulmarus glacialis. The Modern Icelandic bird-name is fýlingur m., and the m. form fýlingr may be preferable here (see also Note to Þskakk Erldr 1/7^II). The name is derived from the adj. fúll ‘foul, stinking’ (cf. fúlmár, lit. ‘stinking gull’ in Hfr Lv 16/4^V (Hallfr 19)), presumably because the fulmar spits a foul-smelling oily fluid when it feels threatened. — [3] lóþræll (m.) ‘dunlin’: Calidris alpina. The name translates as ‘plover-slave’ (see lóa ‘plover’, l. 2 above). — [4] friggjarelda (f.) ‘white wagtail’: In the ms. this cpd is spelled (approximately) ‘friggiar⁹ ęllda’, i.e. ‘friggiarus ęllda’, with an extended loop above the final <r> in ‘friggiar’ that looks like the abbreviation for ‘us’. Skj B and Skald take this as two separate words (friggjarr, elda). The meaning of the cpd could be the same as ModIcel. maríuerla, maríátla ‘white wagtail’ (Motacilla alba). The second element, elda, is most likely < ertla (ModIcel. erla ‘wagtail’; see l. 7), and Friggjar erla would be ‘Frigg’s wagtail’, in which the name of a Norse goddess was later replaced by Máría (see ÍO: friggjarelda). See also óðinshani ‘red-necked phalarope’ (st. 2/1). — [5] rindilþvari (m.) ‘wren’: An otherwise unattested cpd  formed from rindill m. ‘wren’ (Motacilla troglodytes) and þvari m. ‘borer, gimlet’. Perhaps rindilþvari = rindill (cf. CVC: rindill). — [5] líri (m.) ‘shearwater’: Cf. ModNorw. lire ‘shearwater’ (Puffinus griseus). — [6] rjúpa (f.) ‘ptarmigan’: A gallinaceous bird of the Lagopus family. — [6] fjallrota: A hap. leg. The first element is fjall- n. ‘mountain’, and the second element ‑rota is probably < ‑hrota ‘barnacle goose’. CVC: fjallrota gives the translation ‘wild partridge’, but it is not clear how that identification was made. See also hroðgás ‘barnacle goose’ (st. 7/3 below and Note there). — [7] jarpi (m.) ‘hazel grouse’: The ms. reading ‘lárpe’ cannot be construed to make any sense. This must be a scribal error for jarpi ‘hazel grouse’ or ‘European woodland grouse’ (Bonasia bonasia) (so Skald; Skj B: iárpe), although that term is known only from Modern Icelandic (cf. ModNorw. jerpe ‘hazel grouse’). — [8] jaðrakárn ‘whimbrel’: A large wader (Numenius phaeopus). See Note to st. 4/1 above.

References

1. Bibliography
2. Skj B = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1912-15b. Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning. B: Rettet tekst. 2 vols. Copenhagen: Villadsen & Christensen. Rpt. 1973. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde & Bagger.
3. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
4. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
5. NN = Kock, Ernst Albin. 1923-44. Notationes Norrœnæ: Anteckningar till Edda och skaldediktning. Lunds Universitets årsskrift new ser. 1. 28 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
6. AEW = Vries, Jan de. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2nd rev. edn. Rpt. 1977. Leiden: Brill.
7. LP = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1931. Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Møller.
8. CVC = Cleasby, Richard, Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and W. A. Craigie. 1957. An Icelandic-English Dictionary. 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon.
9. ÍO = Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon. 1989. Íslensk orðsifjabók. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans.
10. Bjarni Sæmundsson. 1936. Fuglarnir. Íslensk dýr III. Reykjavík: Bókaverslun Sigfúsar Eymundssonar.
11. Internal references
12. Diana Whaley (ed.) 2022, ‘Hallfreðar saga 19 (Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld Óttarsson, Lausavísur 16)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross, Kari Ellen Gade and Tarrin Wills (eds), Poetry in Sagas of Icelanders. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 5. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 897.
13. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Þorbjǫrn skakkaskáld, Erlingsdrápa 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 631-4.