Þul Fugla 4^III

Kárn, igða, kjalarfugl,         kráka, dúfa,
þrǫstr, þiðurr, þerna,         þeisti, dunna,
trana, tjaldr, titlingr,         tyrðilmúli,
lómr, lævirki         ok leðrblaka.

Kárn, igða, kjalarfugl, kráka, dúfa, þrǫstr, þiðurr, þerna, þeisti, dunna, trana, tjaldr, titlingr, tyrðilmúli, lómr, lævirki ok leðrblaka.

Kárn, marsh tit, kjalarfugl, crow, dove, thrush, capercaillie, tern, guillemot, duck, crane, oyster-catcher, sparrow, razorbill, loon, lark and bat.

Mss: A(21r) (SnE)

Editions: Skj AI, 687, Skj BI, 677, Skald I, 341, NN §3140; SnE 1848-87, II, 489.

Notes: [All]: Of seventeen heiti listed in this stanza only six (kráka f. ‘crow’, dúfa f. ‘dove’ l. 2, þiðurr m. ‘capercaillie’, þerna f. ‘tern’ l. 3, trana f. ‘crane’ l. 5 and lómr m. ‘loon’ l. 7) occur in poetry. — [1] kárn (m. or n.): This bird has not been identified. As an independent word, this heiti does not occur elsewhere, but it is found in compounds; cf. the bird-heiti jaðrakárn ‘whimbrel’ (st. 5/8 below) and the Icelandic river-name Kárnsá (Kornsá), as well as Faroese krákukárn, which is a bird-heiti in a poem about birds, and New Norw. korn, kråkekonn ‘crow’ (see ÍO: kárn). — [1] igða (f.) ‘marsh tit’: Parus palustris. Igða is not attested in skaldic poetry, but the word appears in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: igða). — [1] kjalarfugl (m.): This is an obscure word (see ÍO: kjalarfugl, kjalakan) which is not attested elsewhere. It could be formed from kjǫlr m. ‘keel’ and fugl m. ‘bird’ and is probably not connected with Óðinn’s name Kjalarr (see Þul Óðins 1/5; cf. also óðinshani ‘red-necked phalarope’, st. 2/1 above, and Note to Þul Hrafns 1/6). — [3] þiðurr (m.) ‘capercaillie’: Tetrao urogallus. Also known as ‘wood grouse’. — [4] þeisti (m.) ‘guillemot’: Also attested as ON þeist f. ‘guillemot’ or ‘sea-pigeon’. Cf. ModIcel. þeista f., ModNorw. teist (Cepphus grylle). — [4] dunna (f.) ‘duck’: According to CVC, AEW: dunna, this name refers to a wild duck, ‘mallard’ (Anas boschas or Anas platyrhynchos), but cf. Faroese dunna ‘domestic duck’. The term most likely originates from the colour of the bird, cf. OE dun ‘dull brown, dark-coloured’, OS dun ‘red-brown’ (ÍO: dunna). — [5] trana (f.) ‘crane’: A later form (the earlier form is trani m.). The latter is found in Þul Orma 2/4 and Þul Sverða 6/4, but it is not recorded in the present þula. — [5] tjaldr (m.) ‘oyster-catcher’: A wader (Haematopus ostralegus). — [6] tyrðilmúli (m.) ‘razorbill’: Lit. ‘droppings-bill’. Alca torda, see st. 2/1. The name is not attested in Modern Icelandic.

References

1. Bibliography
2. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. NN = Kock, Ernst Albin. 1923-44. Notationes Norrœnæ: Anteckningar till Edda och skaldediktning. Lunds Universitets årsskrift new ser. 1. 28 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
5. AEW = Vries, Jan de. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2nd rev. edn. Rpt. 1977. Leiden: Brill.
6. CVC = Cleasby, Richard, Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and W. A. Craigie. 1957. An Icelandic-English Dictionary. 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon.
7. Finnur Jónsson. 1926-8. Ordbog til de af samfund til udg. af gml. nord. litteratur udgivne Rímur samt til de af Dr. O. Jiriczek udgivne Bósarímur. SUGNL 51. Copenhagen: Jørgensen.
8. ÍO = Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon. 1989. Íslensk orðsifjabók. Reykjavík: Orðabók Háskólans.
9. Internal references
10. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Óðins nǫfn 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 732.
11. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Sverða heiti 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 800.
12. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Orma heiti 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 929.
13. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Hrafns heiti 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 945.