Þul Øxna 3^III

Gneisti ‘Spark’

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gneisti (noun m.): sword, spark

[1] Gneisti: ‘greisti’ B

notes

[1] gneisti (m.) ‘spark’: This word is also found as an ox-heiti in Grett Lv 21/3^V (Gr 38).

Apli ‘Apli’

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apli (noun m.; °-a): apli

[1] Apli: afli C, ‘[…]fle’ B, ‘afle’ 744ˣ

notes

[1] Apli: Lit. ‘calf’; see Note to Anon Þorgþ II l. 5.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[2] ok: om. Tˣ, A, B

gollin ‘golden’

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gullinn (adj.): golden < gullinhorni (noun m.)

[2] gollin‑: golun‑ Tˣ

notes

[2] gollinhorni (m.) ‘golden-horned one’: An otherwise unattested cpd, but the adj. gollhyrnðr appears twice in eddic poetry in the phrase gollhyrnðar kýr ‘golden-horned cows’ (Þry 23/2 and HHj 4/3).

horni ‘horned one’

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horni (noun m.): horn, horned one < gullinhorni (noun m.)

notes

[2] gollinhorni (m.) ‘golden-horned one’: An otherwise unattested cpd, but the adj. gollhyrnðr appears twice in eddic poetry in the phrase gollhyrnðar kýr ‘golden-horned cows’ (Þry 23/2 and HHj 4/3).

auðr ‘wealth’

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1. auðr (noun m.; °-s/-ar, dat. -i/-): wealth

notes

[3] auðr (m.) ‘wealth’: As an ox-name the word is not found elsewhere. Cf. Arfr in st. 2/7 above and Arfuni in the next line.

kvígr ‘young bullock’

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kvígr (noun m.)

ǫldungr ‘elder’

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ǫldungr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): elder

notes

[3] ǫldungr (m.) ‘elder’: This is probably the term for an old bull. The word is also listed in Þul Grýlu l. 6, but it does not occur in poetry as a heiti for ‘ox’ or ‘vixen’.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[4] ok: om. Tˣ

Arfuni ‘Arfuni’

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arfuni (noun m.): arfuni

[4] Arfuni: ǫrfuni A, ‘orfu[…]’ B, ‘orfune’ 744ˣ

notes

[4] Arfuni: Or ǫrfuni (so ms. A). Lit. ‘heir’. See Note to Anon Þorgþ II l. 6. 

griðungr ‘steer’

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griðungr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): °bull; (om stjernebilledet Tyren, lat. Taurus)

notes

[5] griðungr (m.) ‘steer’: As in mss A and B, in C this heiti is spelled with a capital letter. The word is not attested elsewhere in Old Norse poetry, but it is included in the list of ox-heiti in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 90) and is not uncommon in prose. It is also attested in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: griðungr).

olgr ‘noise-maker’

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1. Olgr (noun m.): noise-maker

[5] olgr: so Tˣ, A, ǫlgr R, ‘aulldungr ellgr’ C, ‘o[…]gr’ B, olgr 744ˣ

notes

[5] olgr (m.) ‘noise-maker’: As an ox-name olgr is found only in the present þula (see Note to hjǫlluðr ‘roarer’ in st. 2/4). Other than in the present list, the word is recorded in Þul Elds 3/1 (see Note there), Þul Óðins 6/7 and Þul Hauks 2/7.

gellir ‘yeller’

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gellir (noun m.): howler

notes

[5] gellir (m.) ‘yeller’: As an ox-name gellir does not occur in other sources (cf. olgr ‘noise-maker’ in the same line and glymr ‘roar’ in the next). The word is also mentioned in Þul Sverða 1/5 (see Note there). See also Note to Arn Magndr 4/4^II.

glymr ‘roar’

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glymr (noun m.): noise

notes

[6] glymr (m.) ‘roar’: This is evidently the same word as glymr m. ‘roar, resounding noise, clash, din’, but it is not attested elsewhere as a heiti for ‘ox’. Cf. olgr ‘noise-maker’ and gellir ‘yeller’ (l. 5).

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[6] ok: om. Tˣ, B

hreiði ‘hreiði’

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hreiði (noun m.)

[6] hreiði: so C, ‘hreði’ all others

notes

[6] hreiði: So C (‘hreði’, R, Tˣ, A, B, is unmetrical and cannot be interpreted as making any sense). Hreiði is a hap. leg. and the meaning of the word cannot be established with any certainty. It may be related to Norwegian terms for ‘cow’ with the second element ‑reid; AEW: hreiði). According to Olsen (1938b, 71), the word means ‘horned’ and is related to hrútr m. ‘ram’ and hreinn m. ‘reindeer’. Holthausen (1942, 270) connects hreiði with the strong verb hrína ‘scream’ (cf. the semantically similar ox-names in ll. 5-6). See also note to st. 2/6 hríðr above.

tíðungr ‘yearling’

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tíðungr (noun m.)

notes

[7] tíðungr (m.) ‘yearling’: A term for a one-year-old bull, derived from tíð f. ‘time’ (NN §2158C). Cf. New Norw. tidung ‘mature bull’, MHG zītkuo ‘two-year-old cow’, zītec ‘mature’. The word does not occur elsewhere in poetry.

boli ‘bull-calf’

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boli (noun m.; °-a): °bull, bullock

tarfr ‘bull’

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tarfr (noun m.; °; dat. *-um): °tyr

notes

[8] tarfr (m.) ‘bull’: A poetic term for ‘bull’ and a loanword from OIr. tarb (AEW: tarfr).

aur ‘dirt’

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aurr (noun m.): sand or gravel bank, ford < aurgefinn (noun m.)

notes

[8] aurgefinn (m.) ‘dirt-prone one’: A cpd not attested elswhere. The first element is aurr m. ‘mud’ and the second the p. p. of the strong verb gefa ‘give’, referring to ‘one inclined to become dirty’ (SnE 1998, II, 238).

gefinn ‘prone one’

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gefinn (adj.) < aurgefinn (noun m.)

[8] ‑gefinn: ‘‑gef[…]n’ B, ‑gefinn 744ˣ

notes

[8] aurgefinn (m.) ‘dirt-prone one’: A cpd not attested elswhere. The first element is aurr m. ‘mud’ and the second the p. p. of the strong verb gefa ‘give’, referring to ‘one inclined to become dirty’ (SnE 1998, II, 238).