Þul Øxna 3^III

Gneisti, Apli         ok gollinhorni,
auðr, kvígr, ǫldungr         ok Arfuni,
griðungr, olgr, gellir,         glymr ok hreiði,
tíðungr, boli,         tarfr, aurgefinn.

Gneisti, Apli ok gollinhorni, auðr, kvígr, ǫldungr ok Arfuni, griðungr, olgr, gellir, glymr ok hreiði, tíðungr, boli, tarfr, aurgefinn.

Spark, Apli and golden-horned one, wealth, young bullock, elder and Arfuni, steer, noise-maker, yeller, roar and hreiði, yearling, bull-calf, bull, dirt-prone one.

Mss: R(44r), Tˣ(46r), C(13r), A(20r), B(9v), 744ˣ(80r) (SnE)

Readings: [1] Gneisti: ‘greisti’ B;    Apli: afli C, ‘[…]fle’ B, ‘afle’ 744ˣ    [2] ok: om. Tˣ, A, B;    gollin‑: golun‑ Tˣ    [4] ok: om. Tˣ;    Arfuni: ǫrfuni A, ‘orfu[…]’ B, ‘orfune’ 744ˣ    [5] olgr: so Tˣ, A, ǫlgr R, ‘aulldungr ellgr’ C, ‘o[…]gr’ B, olgr 744ˣ    [6] ok: om. Tˣ, B;    hreiði: so C, ‘hreði’ all others    [8] ‑gefinn: ‘‑gef[…]n’ B, ‑gefinn 744ˣ

Editions: Skj AI, 675, Skj BI, 669, Skald I, 334, NN §2158A, C, D; SnE 1848-87, I, 587-8, II, 483, 567, 626, SnE 1931, 210, SnE 1998, I, 131.

Notes: [1] gneisti (m.) ‘spark’: This word is also found as an ox-heiti in Grett Lv 21/3^V (Gr 38). — [1] Apli: Lit. ‘calf’; see Note to Anon Þorgþ II l. 5. — [2] gollinhorni (m.) ‘golden-horned one’: An otherwise unattested cpd, but the adj. gollhyrnðr appears twice in eddic poetry in the phrase gollhyrnðar kýr ‘golden-horned cows’ (Þry 23/2 and HHj 4/3). — [3] auðr (m.) ‘wealth’: As an ox-name the word is not found elsewhere. Cf. Arfr in st. 2/7 above and Arfuni in the next line. — [3] ǫldungr (m.) ‘elder’: This is probably the term for an old bull. The word is also listed in Þul Grýlu l. 6, but it does not occur in poetry as a heiti for ‘ox’ or ‘vixen’. — [4] Arfuni: Or ǫrfuni (so ms. A). Lit. ‘heir’. See Note to Anon Þorgþ II l. 6.  — [5] griðungr (m.) ‘steer’: As in mss A and B, in C this heiti is spelled with a capital letter. The word is not attested elsewhere in Old Norse poetry, but it is included in the list of ox-heiti in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 90) and is not uncommon in prose. It is also attested in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: griðungr). — [5] olgr (m.) ‘noise-maker’: As an ox-name olgr is found only in the present þula (see Note to hjǫlluðr ‘roarer’ in st. 2/4). Other than in the present list, the word is recorded in Þul Elds 3/1 (see Note there), Þul Óðins 6/7 and Þul Hauks 2/7. — [5] gellir (m.) ‘yeller’: As an ox-name gellir does not occur in other sources (cf. olgr ‘noise-maker’ in the same line and glymr ‘roar’ in the next). The word is also mentioned in Þul Sverða 1/5 (see Note there). See also Note to Arn Magndr 4/4^II. — [6] glymr (m.) ‘roar’: This is evidently the same word as glymr m. ‘roar, resounding noise, clash, din’, but it is not attested elsewhere as a heiti for ‘ox’. Cf. olgr ‘noise-maker’ and gellir ‘yeller’ (l. 5). — [6] hreiði: So C (‘hreði’, R, Tˣ, A, B, is unmetrical and cannot be interpreted as making any sense). Hreiði is a hap. leg. and the meaning of the word cannot be established with any certainty. It may be related to Norwegian terms for ‘cow’ with the second element ‑reid; AEW: hreiði). According to Olsen (1938b, 71), the word means ‘horned’ and is related to hrútr m. ‘ram’ and hreinn m. ‘reindeer’. Holthausen (1942, 270) connects hreiði with the strong verb hrína ‘scream’ (cf. the semantically similar ox-names in ll. 5-6). See also note to st. 2/6 hríðr above. — [7] tíðungr (m.) ‘yearling’: A term for a one-year-old bull, derived from tíð f. ‘time’ (NN §2158C). Cf. New Norw. tidung ‘mature bull’, MHG zītkuo ‘two-year-old cow’, zītec ‘mature’. The word does not occur elsewhere in poetry. — [8] tarfr (m.) ‘bull’: A poetic term for ‘bull’ and a loanword from OIr. tarb (AEW: tarfr). — [8] aurgefinn (m.) ‘dirt-prone one’: A cpd not attested elswhere. The first element is aurr m. ‘mud’ and the second the p. p. of the strong verb gefa ‘give’, referring to ‘one inclined to become dirty’ (SnE 1998, II, 238).

References

1. Bibliography
2. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. NN = Kock, Ernst Albin. 1923-44. Notationes Norrœnæ: Anteckningar till Edda och skaldediktning. Lunds Universitets årsskrift new ser. 1. 28 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
5. AEW = Vries, Jan de. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2nd rev. edn. Rpt. 1977. Leiden: Brill.
6. Finnur Jónsson. 1926-8. Ordbog til de af samfund til udg. af gml. nord. litteratur udgivne Rímur samt til de af Dr. O. Jiriczek udgivne Bósarímur. SUGNL 51. Copenhagen: Jørgensen.
7. SnE 1931 = Snorri Sturluson. 1931. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. Finnur Jónsson. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
8. SnE 1998 = Snorri Sturluson. 1998. Edda: Skáldskaparmál. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. 2 vols. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
9. Holthausen, Ferdinand. 1942. ‘Etymologisches und Grammatisches’. BGDSL 66, 265-75.
10. Olsen, Magnus. 1938b. ‘Reid i norske kunavn’. MM, 71.
11. Internal references
12. (forthcoming), ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Skáldskaparmál’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=112> (accessed 30 April 2024)
13. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Óðins nǫfn 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 746.
14. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Sverða heiti 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 790.
15. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Elds heiti 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 924.
16. Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Hauks heiti 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 943.
17. Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Arnórr jarlaskáld Þórðarson, Magnússdrápa 4’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 212-13.
18. Jonathan Grove (ed.) 2022, ‘Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar 38 (Grettir Ásmundarson, Lausavísur 21)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross, Kari Ellen Gade and Tarrin Wills (eds), Poetry in Sagas of Icelanders. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 5. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 726.
19. Not published: do not cite ()
20. Not published: do not cite ()
21. Elena Gurevich 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Þorgrímsþula II’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 675. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=3181> (accessed 30 April 2024)
22. Elena Gurevich 2017, ‘ Anonymous, Grýlu heiti’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 965. <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=3244> (accessed 30 April 2024)