Þul Manna 7^III

Innhýsingar,         aldaþoptar,
sessi ok máli,         serlar ok fylgðir;
þá eru félagar         ok frændr saman,
vinr, einkili,         verðung, halir.

Innhýsingar, aldaþoptar, sessi ok máli, serlar ok fylgðir; þá eru félagar ok frændr saman, vinr, einkili, verðung, halir.

Household members, old rowing-mates, bench-mate and interlocutor, armoured ones and attendants; then there are companions and kinsmen together, friend, shipmate, paid troop, heroes.

Mss: R(42v), Tˣ(44v), C(11v), A(18v), B(8v), 744ˣ(65r) (SnE)

Readings: [2] ‑þoptar: ‑þopti Tˣ    [3] sessi ok máli: ‘ses[…]’ B, ‘sessí ok malí’ 744ˣ    [4] serlar: ‘[…]erlar’ B, serlar 744ˣ;    fylgðir: fylgir C, ‘[…]ir’ B, ‘fýlgder’ 744ˣ    [5] eru: so all others, er R    [7] vinr: vinir A, B;    ‑kili: ‘‑[…]li’ B, ‘‑kile’ 744ˣ

Editions: Skj AI, 661, Skj BI, 662, Skald I, 327; SnE 1848-87, I, 560, II, 475, 558, 618, SnE 1931, 199, SnE 1998, I, 117.

Notes: [All]: In Tˣ, the first three lines are given in the order ll. 3, 1-2. — [1] innhýsingar ‘household members’: These are members of the same household (cf. inndrótt ‘bodyguard’, st. 6/5). The word is not found elsewhere, but the weak verb innhýsa ‘provide sby with lodging’ is found in prose (Fritzner: innhýsa). — [2] aldaþoptar ‘old rowing-mates’: A pl. form from ǫld ‘men’ (st. 3/1) and þopti (st. 6/7), perhaps the same as aldavinr ‘old friend’. The word does not otherwise occur in poetry. In Skm (SnE 1998, I, 107) it is listed among other terms for ‘friend’, most of which are mentioned in sts 6-7. — [4] serlar ‘armoured ones’: This term for ‘warriors’ is found only in this þula. According to AEW, serlar < Proto Nordic *sarwilōʀ (cf. syrvar in st. 5/5 and the pers. n. Sǫrli). — [4] fylgðir (m. pl.) ‘attendants’: The word is not otherwise attested in poetry. — [7] einkili ‘shipmate’: Lit. ‘one who shares the same keel’ (SnE 1998, II, 263). The word does not occur elsewhere. Both the semantic similarity of the heiti in ll. 3 and 7 (cf. sessi ‘benchmate’ and máli ‘interlocutor’) and their sg. forms suggest that these terms may have been in close proximity in the list which served as a source for the present stanza. — [8] verðung (f.) ‘paid troop’: The heiti is derived from the adj. verðr ‘worth’ and is a poetic term for a troop in the king’s pay. CVC: verðung equates it with hirð ‘retinue’, while LP: verðung gives the meaning drótt ‘retinue’. Heiðmenn ‘paid men’ (heið- ‘reward for honourable service’) are mentioned in Skm in the same context as verðung (see Skm, SnE 1998, I, 80 and Note to st. 6/5 above). — [8] halir ‘heroes’: Pl. of halr m. ‘man’. The word occurs only in poetry (cf. OE hæleð, OHG helid and ModGer. Held ‘hero’).

References

1. Bibliography
2. SnE 1848-87 = Snorri Sturluson. 1848-87. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar: Edda Snorronis Sturlaei. Ed. Jón Sigurðsson et al. 3 vols. Copenhagen: Legatum Arnamagnaeanum. Rpt. Osnabrück: Zeller, 1966.
3. Skald = Kock, Ernst Albin, ed. 1946-50. Den norsk-isländska skaldediktningen. 2 vols. Lund: Gleerup.
4. AEW = Vries, Jan de. 1962. Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. 2nd rev. edn. Rpt. 1977. Leiden: Brill.
5. LP = Finnur Jónsson, ed. 1931. Lexicon poeticum antiquæ linguæ septentrionalis: Ordbog over det norsk-islandske skjaldesprog oprindelig forfattet af Sveinbjörn Egilsson. 2nd edn. Copenhagen: Møller.
6. CVC = Cleasby, Richard, Gudbrand Vigfusson [Guðbrandur Vigfússon] and W. A. Craigie. 1957. An Icelandic-English Dictionary. 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon.
7. Fritzner = Fritzner, Johan. 1883-96. Ordbog over det gamle norske sprog. 3 vols. Kristiania (Oslo): Den norske forlagsforening. 4th edn. Rpt. 1973. Oslo etc.: Universitetsforlaget.
8. SnE 1931 = Snorri Sturluson. 1931. Edda Snorra Sturlusonar. Ed. Finnur Jónsson. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.
9. SnE 1998 = Snorri Sturluson. 1998. Edda: Skáldskaparmál. Ed. Anthony Faulkes. 2 vols. University College London: Viking Society for Northern Research.
10. Internal references
11. (forthcoming), ‘ Snorri Sturluson, Skáldskaparmál’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. . <https://skaldic.org/m.php?p=text&i=112> (accessed 6 May 2024)