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The Old Norse World

The Old Norse World

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Vol. I. Poetry for Scandinavian Rulers 1: From Mythological Times to c. 1035 2. General Introduction 4. The metres of skaldic poetry 4.4. The metrical development of skaldic metres 4.4.1. Metres that developed from fornyrðislag without changes in syllable count

4.4.1. Metres that developed from fornyrðislag without changes in syllable count

Kari Ellen Gade 2012, ‘Metres that developed from fornyrðislag without changes in syllable count’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. lxiv-lxv.

The innovations consist of added internal rhyme (tøglag, hagmælt) or end rhyme (runhent).

Type A:            
Fornyrðislag:
Gísl Magnkv 7/1II Sættisk síðan ‘Reconciled himself then’
Hagmælt:
ESk Hardr II 1/1II Sótti á slétta ‘Went to the level’
Runhent:
Egill Hfl 7/3-4V frgum fleira

til frama þeira

‘we have heard more

about their honour’

Type B:        
Fornyrðislag:
Ív Sig 11/7II áðr Saxa sjǫt ‘before the Saxons’ dwellings’
Hagmælt:
Þstf Stuttdr 1/5II sem fyrr í fǫr ‘as earlier in the company’
Runhent:
ÞjóðA Run 1/7-8II vasa Læsum léttr

liðsmanna réttr

‘was not on the Læsir easy

the terms of the liegemen’

Type C:        
Fornyrðislag:
Gísl Magnkv 15/5II Braut dýrr dreki ‘Broke the precious dragon’
Hagmælt:
ESk Hardr II 2/1II Luku vág viku ‘Closed the bay for a week’
Runhent:
SnSt Ht 80/3-4III spurð spǫrum

spjǫll grams —  snǫrum

‘nor heard withheld

stories about the lord – keen’

Type D:        
Fornyrðislag:
Gísl Magnkv 2/7II linns láðgefendr ‘the snake’s land-dispensers’
Tøglag:
ESk Hardr II 1/3II jǫrð eldskerðir ‘land the fire-cleaver’
Runhent:
SnSt Ht 80/7-8III ypt óvǫrum

fyr auðs bǫrum

‘extolled unwary

before wealth’s trees’

Type D4:        
Fornyrðislag:
Ív Sig 40/5II Raufsk ræsis lið ‘Scattered the ruler’s troop’
Tøglag:
Þstf Stuttdr 6/3II grǫf góðra lof ‘the grave of the good glory’
Runhent:
ESk Run 3/3-4II leyfðs lýðum bær

Leikbergi nær

‘praise is fitting to be spread among men

near Leikbjǫrg’

Type E:    
Fornyrðislag:
Gísl Magnkv 15/3II steinóðr á stag ‘raging against the stay’
Tøglag:
Þstf Stuttdr 5/3II sólborgar salr ‘the sun’s stronghold’s hall’
Runhent:
ESk Run 7/5-6II Ríkt lék við rǫnn

rauzk ylgjar tǫnn

‘Powerfully played against the houses

the she-wolf’s tooth was reddened’

References

  1. Internal references
  2. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Haraldsdrápa II 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 544-5.
  3. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Haraldsdrápa II 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 545-6.
  4. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Runhenda 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 553.
  5. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Einarr Skúlason, Runhenda 7’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 556.
  6. Not published: do not cite (Egill Hfl 7V (Eg 40))
  7. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Gísl Illugason, Erfikvæði about Magnús berfœttr 15’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 426-7.
  8. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Gísl Illugason, Erfikvæði about Magnús berfœttr 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 418.
  9. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Gísl Illugason, Erfikvæði about Magnús berfœttr 7’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 421.
  10. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Ívarr Ingimundarson, Sigurðarbálkr 11’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 508.
  11. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Ívarr Ingimundarson, Sigurðarbálkr 40’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 524-5.
  12. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 80’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1191.
  13. Diana Whaley (ed.) 2009, ‘Þjóðólfr Arnórsson, Runhent poem about Haraldr 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 103-5.
  14. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Þórarinn stuttfeldr, Stuttfeldardrápa 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 474.
  15. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Þórarinn stuttfeldr, Stuttfeldardrápa 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 477.
  16. Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Þórarinn stuttfeldr, Stuttfeldardrápa 6’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 477-8.
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