Kennings — AM 325 VIII 1 4° (325VIII 1)
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Glúmr Gráf 6I
orðrakkr þrýstir jǫfra
‘the word-bold crusher of princes’ = KING = Haraldr
The word-bold crusher of princes → KING = HaraldrAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2va/35
chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
2.5. destroyer of princes -
Glúmr Gráf 6I
sættir gumna
‘the reconciler of men’ = KING = Haraldr
The reconciler of men → KING = HaraldrAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2va/35
chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
1.7. reconciler of people -
Glúmr Gráf 6I
geirveðr
‘a spear-storm’ = BATTLE
a spear-storm → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2va/35
battle
1.1.1.3. storm/wind of spears -
Eskál Vell 11I
hjalmgráp
‘with helmet-hail’ = BATTLE
with helmet-hail; → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2vb/28
battle
1.2.2.1. shower of helmets -
Eskál Vell 11I
Vína vínheims vinar Lopts
‘the Vína of the wine-world of the friend of Loptr’ = POEM
the friend of Loptr. → Óðinn
the wine-world of ÓÐINN → VAT
the Vína of the VAT → POEMAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2vb/28
[2] Lopts: so J1ˣ, 325VIII 1, 61, 54, Bb
poetry
1.5. liquid of a mythical vat -
Eskál Vell 11I
vínheimr vinar Lopts
‘of the wine-world of the friend of Loptr’ = VAT
the friend of Loptr. → Óðinn
the wine-world of ÓÐINN → VATAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2vb/28
[2] Lopts: so J1ˣ, 325VIII 1, 61, 54, Bb
vat
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Eskál Vell 11I
vinr Lopts
‘of the friend of Loptr’ = Óðinn
the friend of Loptr. → ÓðinnAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2vb/28
[2] Lopts: so J1ˣ, 325VIII 1, 61, 54, Bb
Óðinn
3.1. friend of a male mythical being (C3a) -
Eskál Vell 11I
skúr fúrs Þróttar
‘the showers of the fire of Þróttr’ = BATTLE
the fire of Þróttr; → SWORD
the showers of the SWORD → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2vb/28
battle
1.2.1.1. shower of swords -
Eskál Vell 11I
fúrr Þróttar
‘of the fire of Þróttr’ = SWORD
the fire of Þróttr; → SWORDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2vb/28
sword
1.1.05. fire of Óðinn -
Eskál Vell 11I
snytrir þjóðar
‘to the instructor of the people’ = RULER = Hákon jarl
to the instructor of the people. → RULER = Hákon jarlAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 2vb/28
chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
. instructor of the people -
Glúmr Gráf 12I
hjǫrdrífa
‘the sword-blizzard’ = BATTLE
the sword-blizzard → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3ra/3
battle
1.2.1.1. shower of swords -
Eskál Vell 21I
morðfíkinn folkverjandi mœra
‘the battle-eager people-defender of the mœrir’ = NORWEGIAN RULER = Hákon jarl
the battle-eager people-defender of the Mœrir → NORWEGIAN RULER = Hákon jarlAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/10
[1] Mœra: meira 325VIII 1
Norwegian king, ruler, jarl
2.2. guardian of the Norwegians -
Eskál Vell 21I
Freyr byrjar Heðins
‘The Freyr of the wind of Heðinn’ = WARRIOR
the wind of Heðinn → BATTLE
The Freyr of the BATTLE → WARRIORAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/10
warrior
2.3.1.3. Freyr of battle -
Eskál Vell 21I
byrr Heðins
‘of the wind of Heðinn’ = BATTLE
the wind of Heðinn → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/10
battle
1.1.5. storm/wind of a legendary hero -
Eskál Vell 21I
sá Ullr branda
‘that Ullr of swords’ = WARRIOR
that Ullr of swords → WARRIORAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/10
warrior
1.4.1.04. Ullr of the weapon -
Eskál Vell 22I
mjúkhurð Meita
‘the pliant doors of Meiti’ = SHIPS
the pliant doors of Meiti → SHIPSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/14
[1] Meita: ‘mí(u)ta’(?) 325VIII 1
ship, boat
. unique -
Eskál Vell 22I
mót randa
‘the meeting of shields’ = BATTLE
the meeting of shields → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/14
battle
3.1.3. meeting of shields -
Eskál Vell 22I
Sǫrva svǫrgœlir
‘the gladdener of the bird of Sǫrvi’ = WARRIOR
the bird of Sǫrvi. → RAVEN/EAGLE
the gladdener of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIORAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/14
[3] ‑gœli: ‘‑goli’ 325VIII 1, FskAˣ
warrior
3.1.02. gladdener of the bird of battlefield -
Eskál Vell 22I
Sǫrva svǫrr
‘of the bird of Sǫrvi’ = RAVEN/EAGLE
the bird of Sǫrvi. → RAVEN/EAGLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/14
raven/eagle
2.2. bird of the sea-king (A2) -
Eskál Vell 22I
Ullr veggjar Heðins
‘the Ullar of the wall of Heðinn’ = WARRIORS
the wall of Heðinn → SHIELD
the Ullar of the SHIELD → WARRIORSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/14
warrior
1.4.1.04. Ullr of the weapon -
Eskál Vell 22I
veggr Heðins
‘of the wall of Heðinn’ = SHIELD
the wall of Heðinn → SHIELDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/14
shield
7.5. wall of the legendary hero -
Eskál Vell 22I
eggþing
‘in the blade-assembly’ = BATTLE
in the blade-assembly; → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/14
[6] ‑þings: ‑þing 325VIII 1
battle
3.1. meeting of weapons -
Eskál Vell 23I
myrðir Vinða
‘the killer of the Wends’ = Hákon jarl
the killer of the Wends → Hákon jarlAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/22
Hákon jarl Sigurðarson (r. c. 970-c. 995)
3. killer of the Wends -
Eskál Vell 23I
hlífar flagðs hlym-Narfi
‘din-Narfi of the troll-woman of the shield’ = WARRIOR = Ragnfrøðr?
the troll-woman of the shield → AXE
the din of the AXE → BATTLE
The Narfi of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Ragnfrøðr?AM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/22
[6] flagðs: ‘fladz’ 325VIII 1
warrior
2.4. supernatural being of battle -
Eskál Vell 23I
hlífar flagðs hlymr
‘of the din of the troll-woman of the shield’ = BATTLE
the troll-woman of the shield → AXE
the din of the AXE → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/22
[6] flagðs: ‘fladz’ 325VIII 1
battle
2.1.4. din of the axe -
Eskál Vell 23I
hlífar flagð
‘of the troll-woman of the shield’ = AXE
the troll-woman of the shield → AXEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/22
[6] flagðs: ‘fladz’ 325VIII 1
axe
1.1. female mythical being of the shield -
Eskál Vell 23I
andr Jalks
‘the ski of Jálkr’ = SHIP
the ski of Jálkr → SHIPAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/22
ship, boat
2.2. ski of the sea-king -
Eskál Vell 24I
þrøngvimeiðr lunda gunnar
‘the oppressing-pole of trees of battle’ = WARRIOR
trees of battle → WARRIORS
the oppressing-pole of WARRIORS → WARRIORAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/30
warrior
4.5. destroyer of men -
Eskál Vell 24I
lundr gunnar
‘of trees of battle’ = WARRIORS
trees of battle → WARRIORSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/30
warrior
2.1. tree of battle -
Eskál Vell 24I
gammr nás
‘of the vulture of the corpse’ = RAVEN/EAGLE
the vulture of the corpse. → RAVEN/EAGLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3rb/30
[2] gammi: glammi 325VIII 1
raven/eagle
1.3. bird of the corpse (A2) -
Edáð Banddr 1I
mót Meita
‘an encounter of Meiti’ = BATTLE
an encounter of Meiti → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3va/38
battle
3.5. meeting of the sea-king -
Edáð Banddr 1I
skíð útvers
‘on the ski of the fishing ground’ = SHIP
on the ski of the fishing ground → SHIPAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3va/38
ship, boat
2.1. ski of the sea -
Edáð Banddr 1I
reiðir riðloga randvallar
‘the brandisher of the swinging flame of the rim-plain’ = WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the rim-plain → SHIELD
the swinging flame of the SHIELD → SWORD
the brandisher of the SWORD → WARRIOR = EiríkrAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3va/38
[6] ‑vallar: ‘‑vallr’ J1ˣ, 325VIII 1
warrior
1.7.01.6. wielder of the weapon -
Edáð Banddr 1I
riðlogi randvallar
‘of the swinging flame of the rim-plain’ = SWORD
the rim-plain → SHIELD
the swinging flame of the SHIELD → SWORDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3va/38
[6] ‑vallar: ‘‑vallr’ J1ˣ, 325VIII 1
sword
1.1.02.1. fire of the shield -
Edáð Banddr 1I
randvǫllr
‘of the rim-plain’ = SHIELD
the rim-plain → SHIELDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3va/38
[6] ‑vallar: ‘‑vallr’ J1ˣ, 325VIII 1
shield
5.1.1.1. land of the shield -
Edáð Banddr 1I
ulfteitir
‘the wolf-gladdener’ = WARRIOR
the wolf-gladdener → WARRIORAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3va/38
[7] ‑teitir: ‑reiðir 325VIII 1
warrior
3.2.2. gladdener of the wolf -
Edáð Banddr 1I
blóðvalr
‘the blood-falcons’ = RAVENS/EAGLES
the blood-falcons → RAVENS/EAGLESAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3va/38
raven/eagle
1.2. bird of blood (A2) -
Edáð Banddr 2I
harða ríkr hoddsveigir
‘the very mighty treasure-bender’ = GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
The very mighty treasure-bender → GENEROUS MAN = EiríkrAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/1
[1] ‑sveigir: hneigi 325VIII 1
generous man
1.08. bender of wealth -
Edáð Banddr 2I
landmann Kíars
‘the countryman of Kíarr’ = Skopti
the countryman of Kíarr → SkoptiAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/1
questionable kennings
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Edáð Banddr 2I
handa logreifir
‘flame-presenter of hands’ = GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
the flame of hands. → GOLD
the presenter of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = SkoptiAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/1
generous man
2.2.1. giver of gold -
Edáð Banddr 2I
handa log
‘of the flame of hands’ = GOLD
the flame of hands. → GOLDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/1
gold
2.1.1. fire of the arm/hand (A1) -
Edáð Banddr 2I
stálœgir
‘the sword-intimidator’ = WARRIOR = Eiríkr
The sword-intimidator → WARRIOR = EiríkrAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/1
warrior
1.7.02.2. terrifier of the weapon -
Edáð Banddr 2I
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiðir
‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’ = WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = SkoptiAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/1
warrior
2.5.5. demander of battle -
Edáð Banddr 2I
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynr
‘of the din of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’ = BATTLE
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/1
battle
2.1.3. din of shields -
Edáð Banddr 2I
stafns hrafna fletbǫlkr
‘of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’ = SHIELD
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/1
shield
7.6. wall of the ship -
Edáð Banddr 2I
stafns hrafn
‘of the horses of the stem’ = SHIPS
the horses of the stem. → SHIPSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/1
ship, boat
1.2.1.1. horse of the ship -
Edáð Banddr 3I
folkstýrir
‘the troop-leader’ = RULER
The troop-leader → RULERAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/11
chieftain, king, leader, lord, prince, ruler
3.1. commander of the army -
Edáð Banddr 3I
naðr sævar
‘the adder of the sea’ = SHIP
the adder of the sea, → SHIPAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/11
ship, boat
6.1. snake of the sea -
Edáð Banddr 3I
hoddmildingr
‘the treasure-bestowers’ = GENEROUS MEN
the treasure-bestowers → GENEROUS MENAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/11
[8] hodd‑: hold 325VIII 1
generous man
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Edáð Banddr 3I
Hildar él-hvetjandi
‘storm-inciter of Hildr’ = WARRIOR
the storm of Hildr, → BATTLE
the inciter of the BATTLE → WARRIORAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/11
[7] Hildar: ‘halldar’ 325VIII 1
[6] ‑hvetjanda: so J1ˣ, 325VIII 1warrior
2.5.1.3. inciter of battle -
Edáð Banddr 3I
Hildar él
‘of the storm of Hildr’ = BATTLE
the storm of Hildr, → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/11
[7] Hildar: ‘halldar’ 325VIII 1
battle
1.2.4. shower of the valkyrie -
Edáð Banddr 3I
brúðr Yggjar
‘the bride of Yggr’ = Jǫrð
the bride of Yggr. → JǫrðAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 3vb/11
Jǫrð
1. consort of Óðinn (C3a) -
ÞKolb Eirdr 1I
meiðr stála
‘trees of steel’ = WARRIORS
trees of steel → WARRIORSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 4va/28
[3] meiða: ‘smeiiða’ 325VIII 1
[3] stála: stalla 325VIII 1warrior
1.1. tree of the weapon -
ÞKolb Eirdr 1I
Sveiða vangs viggmeiðr
‘steed-tree of the field of Sveiði’ = SEAFARER
the field of Sveiði → SEA
the steed of the SEA → SHIP
The tree of the SHIP → SEAFARERAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 4va/28
[8] vigg‑: víg‑ F, J1ˣ, 325VIII 1, 61, 54, Bb
[8] ‑meiðr: so F, J1ˣ, 325VIII 1, 61, 54, Bbseafarer
1.2. tree of the ship -
ÞKolb Eirdr 1I
Sveiða vangs viggr
‘of the steed of the field of Sveiði’ = SHIP
the field of Sveiði → SEA
the steed of the SEA → SHIPAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 4va/28
[8] vigg‑: víg‑ F, J1ˣ, 325VIII 1, 61, 54, Bb
ship, boat
1.1.1.1. horse of the sea -
ÞKolb Eirdr 1I
Sveiða vangr
‘of the field of Sveiði’ = SEA
the field of Sveiði → SEAAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 4va/28
sea
2.1. land of the sea-king -
ÞKolb Eirdr 2I
skjaldhlynr
‘the shield-maple’ = WARRIOR
The shield-maple → WARRIORAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 4va/36
[4] skjaldhlynr: so 325VIII 1, 61, 54, Bb, 510, A
warrior
1.1.2. tree of the shield -
ÞKolb Eirdr 2I
oddherðir
‘the point-hardener’ = WARRIOR
the point-hardener → WARRIORAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 4va/36
[6] odd‑: él‑ Kˣ, 39, F, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VIII 1, 61, 54, Bb
warrior
1.7.07. strengthener of the weapon -
ÞKolb Eirdr 3I
stóð hrefnis
‘the stud-horses of the strake’ = SHIPS
the stud-horses of the strake → SHIPSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 4vb/21
ship, boat
1.2.1.1. horse of the ship -
ÞKolb Eirdr 3I
huggandi sárgamms
‘the comforters of the wound-vulture’ = WARRIORS
the wound-vulture, → RAVEN/EAGLE
the comforters of the RAVEN/EAGLE → WARRIORSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 4vb/21
warrior
3.1.04. comforter of the bird of battlefield -
ÞKolb Eirdr 3I
sárgammr
‘of the wound-vulture’ = RAVEN/EAGLE
the wound-vulture, → RAVEN/EAGLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 4vb/21
raven/eagle
1.4. bird of the wound (A2) -
Skúli Svǫlðr 2III
dolgr Frísa
‘the Frisians’ enemy’ = Eiríkr
the Frisians’ enemy → EiríkrAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5ra/29
Eiríkr jarl Hákonarson (r. c. 1000-c. 1014)
4. enemy of the Frisians -
Skúli Svǫlðr 2III
roðinn sárlaukr
‘the reddened wound-leek’ = SWORD
the reddened wound-leek → SWORDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5ra/29
[8] ‑lauk: ‘[…]’ 325VIII 1
sword
4.3.1. leek of the wound -
Skúli Svǫlðr 2III
dynr hjalma
‘the din of helmets’ = BATTLE
the din of helmets → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5ra/29
battle
2.2.1. din of the helmet -
Skúli Svǫlðr 2III
mœtir malmþings
‘the meeter of the metal-assembly’ = WARRIOR
the metal-assembly → BATTLE
the meeter of the BATTLE → WARRIORAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5ra/29
[6] ‑þings: ‘[…]s’ 325VIII 1
warrior
2.5.2.3. encounterer of battle -
Skúli Svǫlðr 2III
malmþing
‘of the metal-assembly’ = BATTLE
the metal-assembly → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5ra/29
[6] ‑þings: ‘[…]s’ 325VIII 1
battle
3.1. meeting of weapons -
Hókr Eirfl 4I
danska runnr dolgs
‘danish bushes of battle’ = WARRIORS
Danish bushes of battle → WARRIORSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5rb/20
[5] Dolgs: ‘d[…]’ 325VIII 1
warrior
2.1. tree of battle -
Hókr Eirfl 4I
senna fráns leggbita
‘the flyting of the glittering leg-biter’ = BATTLE
the glittering leg-biter. → SWORD
the flyting of the SWORD → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5rb/20
[7] sennu: ‘sonno’ 325VIII 1
battle
5.1.1. strife of swords -
Hókr Eirfl 4I
fráns leggbiti
‘of the glittering leg-biter’ = SWORD
the glittering leg-biter. → SWORDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5rb/20
sword
-
Hókr Eirfl 3I
reyr dreyra
‘reeds of gore’ = SWORDS
reeds of gore → SWORDSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5rb/29
sword
4.2.1. reed of blood -
Hókr Eirfl 3I
tungl tangar tingla
‘moons of the tongs of prow-boards’ = SHIELDS
moons of the tongs of prow-boards → SHIELDSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5rb/29
[3] tingla: ‘[…]’ 325VIII 1
shield
1.01. heavenly body of the ship -
Hókr Eirfl 3I
Reginn brynflagðs
‘the Reginn of the byrnie-troll-woman’ = WARRIOR = Eiríkr
the byrnie-troll-woman → AXE
the Reginn of the AXE → WARRIOR = EiríkrAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5rb/29
warrior
1.4.3. dwarf of the weapon -
Hókr Eirfl 3I
brynflagð
‘of the byrnie-troll-woman’ = AXE
the byrnie-troll-woman → AXEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5rb/29
axe
1.3. female mythical being of the mail-coat -
Hókr Eirfl 3I
hríð hjalms
‘a storm of the helmet’ = BATTLE
a storm of the helmet → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5rb/29
[7] hjalms: ‘hia[…]’ 325VIII 1
battle
1.2.2.1. shower of helmets -
Hfr ErfÓl 10I
sárir verkandi meginserkjar baugs naddfárs
‘wounded workers of the mighty shirt of the ring of point-harm’ = WARRIORS
point -harm → BATTLE
the ring of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the mighty shirt of the SHIELD → MAIL-SHIRT
Wounded workers of the MAIL-SHIRT → WARRIORSAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5va/5
[4] megin: so Kˣ, F, 325VIII 1
warrior
1.8.10. worker of the mail-coat -
Hfr ErfÓl 10I
meginserkr baugs naddfárs
‘of the mighty shirt of the ring of point-harm’ = MAIL-SHIRT
point -harm → BATTLE
the ring of the BATTLE → SHIELD
the mighty shirt of the SHIELD → MAIL-SHIRTAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5va/5
[4] megin: so Kˣ, F, 325VIII 1
mail-coat
1.10. shirt of the shield -
Hfr ErfÓl 10I
baugr naddfárs
‘of the ring of point-harm’ = SHIELD
point -harm → BATTLE
the ring of the BATTLE → SHIELDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5va/5
shield
1.02. circular object of battle -
Hfr ErfÓl 10I
naddfár
‘of point-harm’ = BATTLE
point -harm → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5va/5
battle
13.1. harm of the weapon -
Hókr Eirfl 6I
hallandi hafvita
‘of the diminisher of the ocean-beacon’ = GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
the ocean-beacon → GOLD
the diminisher of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = EiríkrAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5vb/22
[6] hallands: ‘halldz’ 325VIII 1
generous man
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Hókr Eirfl 6I
hafviti
‘of the ocean-beacon’ = GOLD
the ocean-beacon → GOLDAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5vb/22
gold
1.1.1. fire of the sea (A1) -
Hókr Eirfl 6I
vápneiðr
‘a weapon-oath’ = BATTLE
a weapon-oath → BATTLEAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5vb/22
battle
6.11. oath of the weapon -
Hókr Eirfl 6I
myrðir Vinða
‘the murderer of Wends’ = Eiríkr
the murderer of Wends. → EiríkrAM 325 VIII 1 4°: 5vb/22
Eiríkr jarl Hákonarson (r. c. 1000-c. 1014)
3. defeater of the Wends