Edáð Banddr 2I
Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Eyjólfr dáðaskáld, Bandadrápa 2’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 457.
Hoðz ‘’
Hodd ‘treasure’
[1] Hodd‑: ‘Hoðz’ J1ˣ
kennings
Harða ríkr hoddsveigir‘The very mighty treasure-bender ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
The very mighty treasure-bender → GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
hneigi ‘’
(not checked:)
hneigir (noun m.): [giving, Oppressor] < hoddhneigir (noun m.): treasure-oppressor
sveigi ‘’
(not checked:)
sveigir (noun m.): brandisher
sveigir ‘bender’
(not checked:)
sveigir (noun m.): brandisher < hoddsveigir (noun m.)sveigir (noun m.): brandisher
[1] ‑sveigir: sveigi F, hneigi 325VIII 1
kennings
Harða ríkr hoddsveigir‘The very mighty treasure-bender ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
The very mighty treasure-bender → GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
létz ‘’
lét ‘caused’
(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done
[1] lét: so F, létz Kˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 325VIII 1
notes
[1] lét ‘caused’: The variation between lét and lézt in the mss may point to an original alternation between 2nd and 3rd pers. narrative in the poem (cf. brátt ‘you snatched’, l. 3 and nam stíga ‘(he) strode’, l. 5).
hníga ‘to fall’
(not checked:)
hníga (verb): sink, fall
harða ‘The very’
(not checked:)
harða (adv.): very
kennings
Harða ríkr hoddsveigir‘The very mighty treasure-bender ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
The very mighty treasure-bender → GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
notes
[2] harða ríkr ‘very mighty’: Probably an allusion to Eiríkr’s name; see AEW: Eiríkr.
ríkr ‘mighty’
(not checked:)
ríkr (adj.): mighty, powerful, rich
kennings
Harða ríkr hoddsveigir‘The very mighty treasure-bender ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
The very mighty treasure-bender → GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr
notes
[2] harða ríkr ‘very mighty’: Probably an allusion to Eiríkr’s name; see AEW: Eiríkr.
þás ‘when’
(not checked:)
þás (conj.): when
barðisk ‘he fought’
(not checked:)
2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
kennings
handa logreifis.‘flame-presenter of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
the flame of hands. → GOLD
the presenter of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
notes
[3] logreifis ‘of the flame-presenter’: For the sense of reifir here, cf. the verb reifa ‘bestow’; in other contexts ‘promoter, gladdener’ are possible (so LP: reifir).
kennings
handa logreifis.‘flame-presenter of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
the flame of hands. → GOLD
the presenter of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
notes
[3] logreifis ‘of the flame-presenter’: For the sense of reifir here, cf. the verb reifa ‘bestow’; in other contexts ‘promoter, gladdener’ are possible (so LP: reifir).
reifis ‘of the presenter’
(not checked:)
reifir (noun m.): presenter, gladdener < logreifir (noun m.)
kennings
handa logreifis.‘flame-presenter of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
the flame of hands. → GOLD
the presenter of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
notes
[3] logreifis ‘of the flame-presenter’: For the sense of reifir here, cf. the verb reifa ‘bestow’; in other contexts ‘promoter, gladdener’ are possible (so LP: reifir).
brátt ‘you snatched away’
(not checked:)
bregða (verb; °bregðr/brigðr; brá, brugðu; brugðinn/brogðinn): pull, jerk, break; change
[3] brátt: brá 325VIII 1
lífi ‘the life’
(not checked:)
líf (noun n.; °-s; -): life
land ‘the country’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landmaðr (noun m.): property-ownerland (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landmen (noun n.)
kennings
landmann Kíars‘the countryman of Kíarr ’
= Skopti
the countryman of Kíarr → Skopti
notes
[4] landmann Kíars ‘the countryman of Kíarr [= Skopti]’: Landmaðr means ‘settler, inhabitant of a land, countryman’ (Fritzner: landmaðr 1). Kíarr is a legendary ruler, and the word has been derived from Lat. cæsar (LP: Kíarr, though not AEW). In Anon (Heiðr) 6/6VIII (Heiðr 87) Kíarr is specifically a ruler of the Valir, the Franks, but kíarr here may function as a generic term for ‘ruler’, denoting Skopti’s patron Hákon jarl. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) gives this identification but equates landmaðr with lendr maðr ‘landed man, district chieftain’. However, this sense is not attested, and although according to Hkr (ÍF 26, 248) Skopti was Hákon’s kinsman-in-law and in high favour, he is not referred to as a lendr maðr .
mens ‘’
(not checked:)
2. men (noun n.; °; dat. menjum): neck-ring < landmen (noun n.)
mann ‘man’
(not checked:)
maðr (noun m.): man, person < landmaðr (noun m.): property-owner
[4] ‑mann: ‑mens F
kennings
landmann Kíars‘the countryman of Kíarr ’
= Skopti
the countryman of Kíarr → Skopti
notes
[4] landmann Kíars ‘the countryman of Kíarr [= Skopti]’: Landmaðr means ‘settler, inhabitant of a land, countryman’ (Fritzner: landmaðr 1). Kíarr is a legendary ruler, and the word has been derived from Lat. cæsar (LP: Kíarr, though not AEW). In Anon (Heiðr) 6/6VIII (Heiðr 87) Kíarr is specifically a ruler of the Valir, the Franks, but kíarr here may function as a generic term for ‘ruler’, denoting Skopti’s patron Hákon jarl. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) gives this identification but equates landmaðr with lendr maðr ‘landed man, district chieftain’. However, this sense is not attested, and although according to Hkr (ÍF 26, 248) Skopti was Hákon’s kinsman-in-law and in high favour, he is not referred to as a lendr maðr .
Kíar ‘’
(not checked:)
Kíarr (noun m.): Kíarr
kennings
landmann Kíars‘the countryman of Kíarr ’
= Skopti
the countryman of Kíarr → Skopti
notes
[4] landmann Kíars ‘the countryman of Kíarr [= Skopti]’: Landmaðr means ‘settler, inhabitant of a land, countryman’ (Fritzner: landmaðr 1). Kíarr is a legendary ruler, and the word has been derived from Lat. cæsar (LP: Kíarr, though not AEW). In Anon (Heiðr) 6/6VIII (Heiðr 87) Kíarr is specifically a ruler of the Valir, the Franks, but kíarr here may function as a generic term for ‘ruler’, denoting Skopti’s patron Hákon jarl. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) gives this identification but equates landmaðr with lendr maðr ‘landed man, district chieftain’. However, this sense is not attested, and although according to Hkr (ÍF 26, 248) Skopti was Hákon’s kinsman-in-law and in high favour, he is not referred to as a lendr maðr .
sanda ‘’
(not checked:)
sandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sand, beach
handa ‘of hands’
(not checked:)
hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand
[4] Kíars handa: Kíar sanda F
kennings
handa logreifis.‘flame-presenter of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
the flame of hands. → GOLD
the presenter of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
handa ‘of hands’
(not checked:)
hǫnd (noun f.; °handar, dat. hendi; hendr (hendir StatPáll³ 752¹²)): hand
[4] Kíars handa: Kíar sanda F
kennings
handa logreifis.‘flame-presenter of hands’
= GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
the flame of hands. → GOLD
the presenter of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Skopti
Stál ‘The sword’
(not checked:)
1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow < stálœgir (noun m.)1. stál (noun n.; °-s; -): steel, weapon, prow < stálýgir (noun m.)
kennings
Stálœgir‘The sword-intimidator ’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
The sword-intimidator → WARRIOR = Eiríkr
notes
[5] stálœgir ‘the sword-intimidator [WARRIOR = Eiríkr]’: Stál is etymologically ‘steel (weapon)’. In the second element, normalisation to the god-name Ægir would be possible, but Konráð Gíslason (1876, 315) showed that œgir in such kennings is an agentive, from œgja ‘frighten’ (cf. ógn ‘fear’), and hence to be spelt with <œ> (oe ligature). Cf. œgir gumna ‘intimidator of men [RULER]’ in st. 6/5, 6.
ýgir ‘’
(not checked:)
ýgir (noun m.) < stálýgir (noun m.)
kennings
Stálœgir‘The sword-intimidator ’
= WARRIOR = Eiríkr
The sword-intimidator → WARRIOR = Eiríkr
notes
[5] stálœgir ‘the sword-intimidator [WARRIOR = Eiríkr]’: Stál is etymologically ‘steel (weapon)’. In the second element, normalisation to the god-name Ægir would be possible, but Konráð Gíslason (1876, 315) showed that œgir in such kennings is an agentive, from œgja ‘frighten’ (cf. ógn ‘fear’), and hence to be spelt with <œ> (oe ligature). Cf. œgir gumna ‘intimidator of men [RULER]’ in st. 6/5, 6.
nam ‘’
(not checked:)
1. nema (verb): to take
hníga ‘’
(not checked:)
hníga (verb): sink, fall
notes
[5] nam stíga ‘strode’: Lit. ‘got/proceeded to stride’.
stafns ‘of the stem’
(not checked:)
stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
stafns ‘of the stem’
(not checked:)
stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
stafns ‘of the stem’
(not checked:)
stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
stafns ‘of the stem’
(not checked:)
stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
baki ‘’
(not checked:)
bak (noun n.; °-s; *-): back
flek ‘’
(not checked:)
flek (noun n.): °jordstykke
kar ‘’
bal ‘’
(not checked:)
bál (noun n.; °-s; -): fire
fet ‘’
(not checked:)
fet (noun n.; °-s; -): paw, step
fletbalkar ‘of the house-partition’
(not checked:)
fletbǫlkr (noun m.): [house-partition]
[6] fletbalkar: ‘fet bal kar’ F, ‘flek baki’ J1ˣ
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
notes
[6] fletbalkar ‘of the house-partition’: This unique cpd functions as the base-word of an embedded shield-kenning. There are further examples of bǫlkr ‘partition’ or veggr ‘wall’ in this role (Meissner 170) and of shield-kennings with ship terms as determinants (Meissner 175-6). Flet denotes the floor of a building (Fritzner: flet) or a raised platform running along a wall and hence, especially in the pl., a house (LP: flet). Skj B emends to flat- ‘flat’.
fletbalkar ‘of the house-partition’
(not checked:)
fletbǫlkr (noun m.): [house-partition]
[6] fletbalkar: ‘fet bal kar’ F, ‘flek baki’ J1ˣ
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
notes
[6] fletbalkar ‘of the house-partition’: This unique cpd functions as the base-word of an embedded shield-kenning. There are further examples of bǫlkr ‘partition’ or veggr ‘wall’ in this role (Meissner 170) and of shield-kennings with ship terms as determinants (Meissner 175-6). Flet denotes the floor of a building (Fritzner: flet) or a raised platform running along a wall and hence, especially in the pl., a house (LP: flet). Skj B emends to flat- ‘flat’.
fletbalkar ‘of the house-partition’
(not checked:)
fletbǫlkr (noun m.): [house-partition]
[6] fletbalkar: ‘fet bal kar’ F, ‘flek baki’ J1ˣ
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
notes
[6] fletbalkar ‘of the house-partition’: This unique cpd functions as the base-word of an embedded shield-kenning. There are further examples of bǫlkr ‘partition’ or veggr ‘wall’ in this role (Meissner 170) and of shield-kennings with ship terms as determinants (Meissner 175-6). Flet denotes the floor of a building (Fritzner: flet) or a raised platform running along a wall and hence, especially in the pl., a house (LP: flet). Skj B emends to flat- ‘flat’.
hrafna ‘of the horses’
(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
hrafna ‘of the horses’
(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
hrafna ‘of the horses’
(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
hrafna ‘of the horses’
(not checked:)
hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
af ‘away from’
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
dyn ‘of the din’
(not checked:)
dynr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): din < dynbeiðir (noun m.)
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
dyn ‘of the din’
(not checked:)
dynr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): din < dynbeiðir (noun m.)
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
beiði ‘requester’
(not checked:)
beiðir (noun m.): demander < dynbeiðir (noun m.)
kennings
stafns hrafna fletbalkar dynbeiði.‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’
= WARRIOR = Skopti
the horses of the stem. → SHIPS
the house-partition of SHIPS → SHIELD
the din of the SHIELD → BATTLE
requester of the BATTLE → WARRIOR = Skopti
dauðum ‘the dead’
(not checked:)
2. dauðr (adj.): dead
Dregr ‘Wins’
(not checked:)
2. draga (verb; °dregr; dró, drógu; dreginn/droget(Hirð NKS 1642 4° 146v²⁹; cf. [$962$])): drag, pull, draw
land ‘land’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land
at ‘at’
(not checked:)
3. at (prep.): at, to
ímun ‘’
(not checked:)
ímun (noun f.): battle
mun ‘the pleasure’
(not checked:)
munr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -/-i; -ir, acc. -i): mind, pleasure
[8] mun: ímun J1ˣ
branda ‘’
(not checked:)
brandr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): sword, prow; fire
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Hoddsveigir lét hníga |
The very mighty treasure-bender [GENEROUS MAN = Eiríkr] caused the countryman of Kíarr <ruler> [= Skopti] to fall, when he fought; you snatched away the life of the presenter of the flame of hands [(lit. ‘flame-presenter of hands’) GOLD > GENEROUS MAN = Skopti]. The sword-intimidator [WARRIOR = Eiríkr] strode away from the dead requester of the din of the house-partition of the horses of the stem [(lit. ‘din-requester of the house-partition of the horses of the stem’) SHIPS > SHIELD > BATTLE > WARRIOR = Skopti]. Wins land at the pleasure of the gods …
The stanza follows st. 1 (see Context) without interruption.
[1-4]: The stanza depicts a killing which can reasonably be equated with Eiríkr’s killing of Skopti in st. 1, although the antagonists are not identified, and there are interpretative difficulties: alternative readings (F departing from the other mss), alternative editorial construals, and a particular difficulty with Kíar(s) in l. 4. (a) Adopted in this edn is the solution proposed by Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26, followed by Hkr 1991), which involves no emendations, uses the Kˣ readings, which are supported by mss from both branches of the Hkr stemma, and does not assume unattested usages except for that of Kíarr. The second kenning for ‘generous man’ is taken to refer to Skopti, and qualifies lífi ‘life’. Landmann ‘countryman’ and Kíars ‘of Kíarr’ are taken together as a kenning also designating Skopti (see Note to l. 4). (b) Earlier eds accepted the readings landmens ‘land-torque’ and sanda ‘sands’ from ms. F. Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Skj B) proposed: Harða ríkr hoddsveigir lét mens Kíar hníga, þás barðisk; brátt lífi sanda landlogreifis, which would give ‘The very mighty man made the leader fall, when he fought; you snatched away the life of the generous man’. Here land- ‘land’ and -mens ‘torque’ are separated: land- is combined via tmesis with logreifis ‘flame-presenter’ and also with sanda ‘of sands’ to form the kenning ‘presenter of the flame of the land of sands [SEA > GOLD > GENEROUS MAN]’; Kíar mens ‘Kíarr of the torque’ forms a further kenning for ‘man’, with the ruler-heiti Kíarr substituting for a god-heiti, which would be normal in this type of kenning. (c) Kock (NN §551) instead posits a gold-kenning log landmens ‘fire of the torque of land [SEA > GOLD]’ and construes sanda as qualifying Kíar, i.e. ‘prince of the sands / of the coast’, parallel to his hersi útvers ‘hersir/lord of the fishing-ground’ in st. 1. The kenning log landmens finds support in Glúmr Eir 1III log banda lands ‘flame of the ties of the land [SEA > GOLD]’ (cf. de Vries 1964-7, I, 183). (d) Log landmens, again taken as ‘gold’, could form an extended kenning for ‘generous man’ with ‑reifis ‘presenter’ as the base-word, and the whole qualifying lífi ‘life’, while acc. sg. Kíar could be a heiti for ‘ruler’ and refer to Skopti. However this would leave sanda ‘of the sands’ unaccounted for. — [8]: This is the first instalment of the klofastef ‘split refrain’ (see st. 9 and Notes for the complete stef). The wording recalls Eskál Vell 8/2 austr lǫnd at mun banda ‘in the east, lands at the will of the gods’ and 14/4 hofs lǫnd ok vé banda ‘lands of the temple and sanctuaries of the gods’, and cf. Eil Frag 1/4III. It may be especially influenced by the stef which is Glúmr Eir 1: Brandr fær logs ok landa | lands Eiríki banda ‘the sword wins Eiríkr the flame of the ties of the land [SEA > GOLD] and lands’ (Fidjestøl 1982, 185; cf. Note to ll. 1-4, interpretation (c) above); the verbal parallels are striking, despite the fact that banda is used in different senses. Imitative composition of stef is a well-attested skaldic practice (Fidjestøl 1982, 184; cf. Note to st. 5/8 below).
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