Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hrafnsmál 3’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 729-30.
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glymja (verb): resound
[1] glumði ‘resounded’: Most likely to refer to weather-vanes and other ornaments moving in the wind. For weather-vanes, see Note to Ív Sig 16/1.
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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gjalfr (noun n.; °-s): surge, waves < gjalfrtamiðr (adj.)
[1] gjálfrtömðum ‘surge-tamed’: Hap. leg.
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tamiðr (adj./verb p.p.): accustomed, tamed < gjalfrtamiðr (adj.)
[1] ‑tömðum: ‘tonnum’ Flat
[1] gjálfrtömðum ‘surge-tamed’: Hap. leg.
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Gestill (noun m.): Gestill
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Gestill (noun m.): Gestill
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2. skeið (noun n.; °; -): race, course < skeiðhestr (noun m.)
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2. skeið (noun n.; °; -): race, course < skeiðhestr (noun m.)
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hestr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): horse, stallion < skeiðhestr (noun m.)
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
[3, 4] eldr ægis ‘the fire of the ocean [GOLD]’: Ægir ‘ocean’ could also be taken as the personified Ægir, god of the sea, whose fire was ‘gold’ (see Note to Gísl Magnkv 16/8).
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
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allvaldr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): mighty ruler
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2. ægir (noun m.): ocean, sea
[3, 4] eldr ægis ‘the fire of the ocean [GOLD]’: Ægir ‘ocean’ could also be taken as the personified Ægir, god of the sea, whose fire was ‘gold’ (see Note to Gísl Magnkv 16/8).
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nafnfrægr (adj.): [renowned]
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skína (verb): shine
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af (prep.): from
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skautvænn (adj.): [sail-fair]
[5] skautvænum ‘sail-fair’: Hap. leg. See also st. 15/6 below.
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1. skeið (noun f.; °-ar; -r/-ar/-ir): ship
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brim (noun n.): surf < brimreið (noun f.)
[6] brim‑: so Flat, bryn‑ F
[6-7] sól brimreiðar ‘the sun of the surf-chariot [SHIP > SHIELD]’: For comparable kennings for ‘ship’ and ‘shield’, see Meissner 168, 221. Skj B and Skald emend to sól brimleiðar ‘the sun of the surf-road’ where ‘surf-road’ is ‘sea’ and its sun is ‘gold’. Brynreiðar ‘of the byrnie-chariot’ (so F) makes no sense in the context.
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brim (noun n.): surf < brimreið (noun f.)
[6] brim‑: so Flat, bryn‑ F
[6-7] sól brimreiðar ‘the sun of the surf-chariot [SHIP > SHIELD]’: For comparable kennings for ‘ship’ and ‘shield’, see Meissner 168, 221. Skj B and Skald emend to sól brimleiðar ‘the sun of the surf-road’ where ‘surf-road’ is ‘sea’ and its sun is ‘gold’. Brynreiðar ‘of the byrnie-chariot’ (so F) makes no sense in the context.
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1. reið (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar): riding; chariot < brimreið (noun f.)
[6-7] sól brimreiðar ‘the sun of the surf-chariot [SHIP > SHIELD]’: For comparable kennings for ‘ship’ and ‘shield’, see Meissner 168, 221. Skj B and Skald emend to sól brimleiðar ‘the sun of the surf-road’ where ‘surf-road’ is ‘sea’ and its sun is ‘gold’. Brynreiðar ‘of the byrnie-chariot’ (so F) makes no sense in the context.
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1. reið (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar): riding; chariot < brimreið (noun f.)
[6-7] sól brimreiðar ‘the sun of the surf-chariot [SHIP > SHIELD]’: For comparable kennings for ‘ship’ and ‘shield’, see Meissner 168, 221. Skj B and Skald emend to sól brimleiðar ‘the sun of the surf-road’ where ‘surf-road’ is ‘sea’ and its sun is ‘gold’. Brynreiðar ‘of the byrnie-chariot’ (so F) makes no sense in the context.
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sól (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -u/-; -ir): sun
[6-7] sól brimreiðar ‘the sun of the surf-chariot [SHIP > SHIELD]’: For comparable kennings for ‘ship’ and ‘shield’, see Meissner 168, 221. Skj B and Skald emend to sól brimleiðar ‘the sun of the surf-road’ where ‘surf-road’ is ‘sea’ and its sun is ‘gold’. Brynreiðar ‘of the byrnie-chariot’ (so F) makes no sense in the context.
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1. sig (noun n.): [battle] < sigdeilir (noun m.): battle-distributor
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deilir (noun m.): ruler, ordainer < sigdeilir (noun m.): battle-distributor
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óþrotligr (adj.): unceasing, indefatigable
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Glumði á gjálfrtömðum |
The fire of the ocean [GOLD] resounded on the surge-tamed horses of Gestill’s <sea-king’s> track [(lit. ‘track-horses of Gestill’) SEA > SHIPS] above the renowned mighty ruler. The unceasing sun of the surf-chariot [SHIP > SHIELD] shone from the sail-fair warships around the wise battle-distributor [WARRIOR].
As st. 2 above.
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