R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Austrfararvísur 20’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 611.
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spakr (adj.): quiet, gentle, wise
[1] spakr Ulfr lét ‘wise Úlfr caused’: This Úlfr cannot be identified with certainty, and some scholars have emended. (a) The most obvious identification, in the light of bróður Ulfs ‘Úlfr’s brother’ in st. 19/8, is with Rǫgnvaldr’s son, though Finnur Jónsson (1932, 19; 1934a, 38) objects that he would have been too young, sixteen at most, at this time, and therefore hardly likely to be called spakr. (b) A further possibility is Rǫgnvaldr’s father (though see Toll 1930-3, 541-2). (c) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reads sunr ... Ulfs ‘the son of Úlfr’, in reference to Rǫgnvaldr, but Ulfs is the reading only of 75a and 73a, while sunr does not appear in any ms. (d) Gering (1912, 135-6) suggests jarl for Ulfr, a reading also entertained by Finnur Jónsson (see Skj BI, 682), though cf. Kock (NN §3032).
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láta (verb): let, have sth done
[1] spakr Ulfr lét ‘wise Úlfr caused’: This Úlfr cannot be identified with certainty, and some scholars have emended. (a) The most obvious identification, in the light of bróður Ulfs ‘Úlfr’s brother’ in st. 19/8, is with Rǫgnvaldr’s son, though Finnur Jónsson (1932, 19; 1934a, 38) objects that he would have been too young, sixteen at most, at this time, and therefore hardly likely to be called spakr. (b) A further possibility is Rǫgnvaldr’s father (though see Toll 1930-3, 541-2). (c) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reads sunr ... Ulfs ‘the son of Úlfr’, in reference to Rǫgnvaldr, but Ulfs is the reading only of 75a and 73a, while sunr does not appear in any ms. (d) Gering (1912, 135-6) suggests jarl for Ulfr, a reading also entertained by Finnur Jónsson (see Skj BI, 682), though cf. Kock (NN §3032).
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Ullr (noun m.): Ullr
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ylfr (adj.)
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1. ulfr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): wolf
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1. ulfr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): wolf
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3. Ulfr (noun m.): Úlfr
[1] Ulfr: ‘ylfr’ R686ˣ, ulfs 75a, 73aˣ, ulf 325VII, ‘vvllr’ Bb
[1] spakr Ulfr lét ‘wise Úlfr caused’: This Úlfr cannot be identified with certainty, and some scholars have emended. (a) The most obvious identification, in the light of bróður Ulfs ‘Úlfr’s brother’ in st. 19/8, is with Rǫgnvaldr’s son, though Finnur Jónsson (1932, 19; 1934a, 38) objects that he would have been too young, sixteen at most, at this time, and therefore hardly likely to be called spakr. (b) A further possibility is Rǫgnvaldr’s father (though see Toll 1930-3, 541-2). (c) Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) reads sunr ... Ulfs ‘the son of Úlfr’, in reference to Rǫgnvaldr, but Ulfs is the reading only of 75a and 73a, while sunr does not appear in any ms. (d) Gering (1912, 135-6) suggests jarl for Ulfr, a reading also entertained by Finnur Jónsson (see Skj BI, 682), though cf. Kock (NN §3032).
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meðan (conj.): while
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okkarr (pron.; °f. okkur; pl. okkrir): our
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Áleifr (noun m.)
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2. reka (verb): drive, force
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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter
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þéttr (adj.): dense, watertight
[3] þétt: so Kˣ, þau Holm2, 325V, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 61, 68, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, Bb
[3] þétt ‘watertight’: Or ‘dense’. The variant þau ‘those’ makes reasonable sense, but it does not supply the necessary hending.
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2. finna (verb): find, meet
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
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2. fá (verb; °fǽr; fekk, fengu; fenginn): get, receive
[3] fengum: fundum 325V, fengu 61, Flat, Tóm, Bb
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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
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þangat (adv.): there, thither
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sætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): settlement
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sétti (num. ordinal): [sixth]
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sætt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): settlement
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sátt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): settlement
[3] sátta: so Kˣ, setta Holm2, 325V, sætta R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, Flat, Tóm, Bb, sættar 325VI, Holm4, 325VII, þangat 61
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sátt (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): settlement
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sǫk (noun f.; °sakar; sakar/sakir): cause, offence
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sǫk (noun f.; °sakar; sakar/sakir): cause, offence
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svar (noun n.; °; -*): answer
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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sǫk (noun f.; °sakar; sakar/sakir): cause, offence
[4] sakar: sátt R686ˣ, sakir 75a, 73aˣ, þat eru svǫr 61, ‘sackar’ Tóm
[4] it leggið sakar ‘you two are putting aside conflict’: Ternström (1871, 52) regards the verb as imp.
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
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leggja (verb): put, lay
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leggja (verb): put, lay
[4] leggið: leggi 325V, R686ˣ, 325VI, 73aˣ, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, konungr 61
[4] it leggið sakar ‘you two are putting aside conflict’: Ternström (1871, 52) regards the verb as imp.
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gǫrva (adv.): fully
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it (pron.; °gen. ykkar, dat./acc. ykkr): you (two)
[4] it beggja: gørva 61
[4] it leggið sakar ‘you two are putting aside conflict’: Ternström (1871, 52) regards the verb as imp.
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1. gera (verb): do, make
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báðir (pron.; °gen. beggja (báðra), nom./acc. n. bǽði): both
[4] it beggja: gørva 61
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3. bera (verb; °berr; bar, báru; borinn): bear, carry
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
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2. þá (adv.): then
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þar (adv.): there
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
[5] Þér: ber 325V, þar 972ˣ, Flat, Tóm, þá er 61
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
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jǫfurr (noun m.): ruler, prince
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þjófr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): thief
[5] þjófa: jǫfra corrected from ‘þíofa’ (?) 61, jǫfra 68
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rýrir (noun m.): diminsher, destroyer
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þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
[6] þær: þér 61
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sem (conj.): as, which
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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sǫk (noun f.; °sakar; sakar/sakir): cause, offence
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2. ript (noun f.): breach
[7] riptar: riptr R686ˣ, ‘ripptar sok’ Bb
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hefta (verb): restrain, end
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heift (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): hatred, enmity
[7] heiptir: ‘heiptr’ R686ˣ, heptir Bb
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regn (noun n.; °-s; -): rain < regnvaldr (noun m.)
[8] Rǫgn‑: ‘regn‑’ 325VII
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valdr (noun m.): ruler < Rǫgnvaldr (noun m.): Rǫgnvaldr
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valdr (noun m.): ruler < Rǫgnvaldr (noun m.): Rǫgnvaldrvaldr (noun m.): ruler < regnvaldr (noun m.)
[8] ‑valdr: ‑valds Kˣ
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gefa (verb): give
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2. kveðja (verb; kvaddi): (dd) request, address, greet
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gefa (verb): give
[8] gefit: ‘gefan’ R686ˣ, kveðit 325VI, Holm4, 325VII, Flat, Tóm, ‘gefir’ 68
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ǫld (noun f.; °; aldir): people, age
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Spakr lét Ulfr meðal ykkar, |
Wise Úlfr caused to be adopted the peace proposals between you both, Óláfr; we [I] received watertight replies; you two are putting aside conflict. Rǫgnvaldr caused those [conflicts] to be conceded to you, destroyer of the race of thieves [JUST RULER = Óláfr], as if no enmity on account of treaty-breaking had been perpetrated.
As for st. 17.
[5-8]: The general sense seems to be that all past differences will be forgotten, but the syntax and especially the status of þær (f. nom./acc. pl.) ‘those’ in l. 6 are somewhat elusive. In the present interpretation (which is close to those of Kock (NN §171), ÍF 27 and Hkr 1991), þær ‘those’ is assumed to refer back to f. pl. sakar ‘conflicts’. Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) instead takes þær to modify heiptir in l. 7, and he interprets the helmingr to mean ‘Just ruler, Rǫgnvaldr declared that it was an easy matter for you to forgo pursuing further the indignation over the breach of the peace’. Ternström’s interpretation is similar, but he would have þjófa rýrir … aldar ‘destroyer of the race of thieves’ in ll. 5, 8 describe Rǫgnvaldr.
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