Gestumbl Heiðr 13VIII (Heiðr 60)
Hannah Burrows (ed.) 2017, ‘Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 60 (Gestumblindi, Heiðreks gátur 13)’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 423.
Hvat ‘What’
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hvat (pron.): what
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
er ‘is’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
þat ‘the’
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
undra ‘wonder’
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2. undr (noun n.; °-s; -): wonder, marvel
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
er ‘that’
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
ek ‘I’
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
úti ‘outside’
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úti (adv.): out, outdoors, out at sea, abroad
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
sá ‘saw’
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2. sjá (verb): see
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
fyrir ‘before’
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fyrir (prep.): for, before, because of
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
Dellings ‘Dellingr’s’
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Dellingr (noun m.)
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
durum ‘doors’
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1. dyrr (noun f.; °gen. dura/dyra, dat. durum/dyrum): door
[1-3] abbrev. as ‘hvd er þ̄ vndra etc.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘hvad er þad vndra er’ 597bˣ
notes
[4] ofarliga ‘high up’: The mss have ‘ovarlega’, which could be read óvarliga ‘unwarily’, but this gives less good sense (though is preferred by Ettmüller 1861, 37, with the gloss unverhofft ‘unexpectedly’). Emendation of <v> to <f> is reasonable, since <f> would be pronounced [v] when intervocalic (see ANG §36, cf. §42), and is made by most other eds, following Bugge (Heiðr 1873; Bugge notes this was the suggestion of Svend Grundtvig). Kock (Skald) emends to ofárliga and in NN §2834 translates mycket tidigt (resp. snabbt) ‘very early (or swiftly)’, comparing árflognir (NN §3397C) ‘early flyer’, i.e. ‘raven’ (LP). Although the bird-of-prey imagery would fit well with what has been conjectured for the next line (see Note to l. 5), it is less clear why an arrow would be described as as early flier. The meaning ‘swiftly’ might make more sense in the present context, however, and is attested elsewhere in poetry, although the cpd (with the prefix of- ‘too, excessively’ (= ‘very’ in Kock’s interpretation)) would be a hap. leg.
flýgr ‘It flies’
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fljúga (verb): fly
†armlod ‘…’
notes
[5] †armlod gellr† ‘…’: Skj B does not attempt reconstruction of these lines. The second word, gellr, is the 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of gjalla ‘scream, shriek’, but the first cannot be normalised to a known Old Norse word. Bugge (Heiðr 1873) suggested emendation to arnhlióð ‘eagle-shriek’, which has also been adopted (with variant spellings) in Skald, Edd. Min. and Heiðr 1960. This word is unattested but has a parallel in varg(h)ljóð ‘wolf-howl’ (Fritzner: vargljóð; LP: varghljóð), found in HHund I 41/3 (NK 136); Bugge (Heiðr 1873, 245 n. 2) also compares vápnhljóð ‘weapon-sound’, see e.g. Okík Magn 1/4II.
gellr ‘’
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gjalla (verb): to scream, shriek; to repay, return, pay for
notes
[5] †armlod gellr† ‘…’: Skj B does not attempt reconstruction of these lines. The second word, gellr, is the 3rd pers. sg. pres. indic. of gjalla ‘scream, shriek’, but the first cannot be normalised to a known Old Norse word. Bugge (Heiðr 1873) suggested emendation to arnhlióð ‘eagle-shriek’, which has also been adopted (with variant spellings) in Skald, Edd. Min. and Heiðr 1960. This word is unattested but has a parallel in varg(h)ljóð ‘wolf-howl’ (Fritzner: vargljóð; LP: varghljóð), found in HHund I 41/3 (NK 136); Bugge (Heiðr 1873, 245 n. 2) also compares vápnhljóð ‘weapon-sound’, see e.g. Okík Magn 1/4II.
harðar ‘’
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harðr (adj.; °comp. -ari; superl. -astr): hard, harsh
notes
[6] †harðar eru hillm†: Again Skj B does not attempt reconstruction. Kock (Skald; NN §2834) suggests harðárr er um hjálm ‘[it] is a harsh messenger about helmets’, giving illþræll ‘wicked slave’, hollvinr ‘loyal friend’ and ítrmaðr ‘glorious man’ as parallels for the otherwise unattested cpd harðárr. The suggestions of other eds are purely conjectural.
eru ‘’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
notes
[6] †harðar eru hillm†: Again Skj B does not attempt reconstruction. Kock (Skald; NN §2834) suggests harðárr er um hjálm ‘[it] is a harsh messenger about helmets’, giving illþræll ‘wicked slave’, hollvinr ‘loyal friend’ and ítrmaðr ‘glorious man’ as parallels for the otherwise unattested cpd harðárr. The suggestions of other eds are purely conjectural.
hillm† ‘’
notes
[6] †harðar eru hillm†: Again Skj B does not attempt reconstruction. Kock (Skald; NN §2834) suggests harðárr er um hjálm ‘[it] is a harsh messenger about helmets’, giving illþræll ‘wicked slave’, hollvinr ‘loyal friend’ and ítrmaðr ‘glorious man’ as parallels for the otherwise unattested cpd harðárr. The suggestions of other eds are purely conjectural.
Heiðrekr ‘King’
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Heiðrekr (noun m.): Heiðrekr
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K h:’ 597bˣ
konungr ‘Heiðrekr’
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konungr (noun m.; °dat. -i, -s; -ar): king
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K h:’ 597bˣ
hyggðu ‘think’
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K h:’ 597bˣ
at ‘about’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K h:’ 597bˣ
gátu ‘the riddle’
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gáta (noun f.)
[7-8] abbrev. as ‘heid: k.’ 281ˣ, abbrev. as ‘h: K h:’ 597bˣ
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
See Note [All] to previous stanza.
Heiðrekr replies (Heiðr 1960, 81): ǫr er þat ‘that is the arrow’. It is unfortunate that the solution is not more elaborate, as many of the others are, since that might help in reconstructing the stanza, which cannot be made sense of without emendation. The brevity of the solution might suggest that the stanza was already corrupt or difficult to interpret when it was set into its prose context. — [1]: See Note to Heiðr 55/1.
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