Svart Skauf 4VIII
Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Svartr á Hofstöðum, Skaufhala bálkr 4’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry in fornaldarsögur. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 8. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 958.
Mælti ‘spoke’
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1. mæla (verb): speak, say
gortanni ‘Filth-tooth’
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gortanni (noun m.)
[1] gortanni: ‘gor‑ganti’ corrected in the lower margin from ‘goranti’ in another hand Rask87ˣ
við ‘to’
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2. við (prep.): with, against
gren ‘the lair’
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gren (noun n.; °; -): gren < grenlægja (noun f.)
kennings
grenlægju:‘the lair-lier: ’
= VIXEN
the lair-lier: → VIXEN
notes
[2] grenlægju ‘the lair-lier [VIXEN]’: So Rask87ˣ. The 603 variant, ‘grenlægu’ (so also Kölbing 1876), is incorrect. See grenlægja ‘lair-lier’ in st. 5/1 and ANG §409. For a comparable kenning for ‘fox’, see grenbúi ‘lair-dweller’ in GunnLeif Merl II 28/9.
lægju ‘lier’
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-lægja (noun f.) < grenlægja (noun f.)
[2] ‑lægju: so Rask87ˣ, ‘‑lægu’ 603
kennings
grenlægju:‘the lair-lier: ’
= VIXEN
the lair-lier: → VIXEN
notes
[2] grenlægju ‘the lair-lier [VIXEN]’: So Rask87ˣ. The 603 variant, ‘grenlægu’ (so also Kölbing 1876), is incorrect. See grenlægja ‘lair-lier’ in st. 5/1 and ANG §409. For a comparable kenning for ‘fox’, see grenbúi ‘lair-dweller’ in GunnLeif Merl II 28/9.
Hvað ‘What’
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hvat (pron.): what
skulum ‘should’
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skulu (verb): shall, should, must
vinna ‘do’
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2. vinna (verb): perform, work
til ‘for’
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til (prep.): to
notes
[4] til þarfa ‘for our sustenance’: Lit. ‘for our sustenances, needs’. The Rask87ˣ variant of this line, við til þarfar lit. ‘we two for sustenance’ is also possible.
þarfa ‘sustenance’
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þǫrf (noun f.; °þarfar; þarfar/þarfir): need
[4] þarfa: þarfar Rask87ˣ
notes
[4] til þarfa ‘for our sustenance’: Lit. ‘for our sustenances, needs’. The Rask87ˣ variant of this line, við til þarfar lit. ‘we two for sustenance’ is also possible.
Við ‘We’
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vér (pron.; °gen. vár, dat./acc. oss): we, us, our
erum ‘have’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
orðin ‘become’
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1. verða (verb): become, be
veik ‘weak’
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veikr (adj.): [feeble, weak] < veiklundaðr (adj./verb p.p.)
notes
[6] veiklunduð (n. nom. pl.) ‘weak-minded’: So Rask87ˣ and Jón Þorkelsson (1888). Kölbing (1876) retains the 603 variant (rendered in the ms. as ‘veyklēdt’) but it is not clear how he interprets the word. CPB emends to veyk-lenduð (n. nom. pl.; hap. leg.), which Guðbrandur Vigfússon (CPB II, 610) explains as ‘weak-loined’ (so also Jón Þorkelsson 1922-7 and Páll Eggert Ólason 1947).
lunduð ‘minded’
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lundaðr (adj./verb p.p.): minded < veiklundaðr (adj./verb p.p.)
[6] ‑lunduð: so Rask87ˣ, ‘‑lendit’ or ‘‑lendut’ 603
notes
[6] veiklunduð (n. nom. pl.) ‘weak-minded’: So Rask87ˣ and Jón Þorkelsson (1888). Kölbing (1876) retains the 603 variant (rendered in the ms. as ‘veyklēdt’) but it is not clear how he interprets the word. CPB emends to veyk-lenduð (n. nom. pl.; hap. leg.), which Guðbrandur Vigfússon (CPB II, 610) explains as ‘weak-loined’ (so also Jón Þorkelsson 1922-7 and Páll Eggert Ólason 1947).
mjög ‘very’
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mjǫk (adv.): very, much
hryggsnauð ‘bare on our backs’
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hryggsnauðr (adj.)
[7] hryggsnauð: ‘hrigg, snaud’ Rask87ˣ
harla ‘exceedingly’
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harðla (adv.): very, highly, greatly
notes
[8] halar ‘tails’: The emendation is necessary for grammatical reasons (m. nom. pl.) and follows the earlier eds (emendation first suggested by Kölbing 1876).
rotnaðir ‘have shed their hair’
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rotna (verb)
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
[5-8]: For similar complaints of old age in European beast fables, see Amory (1973, 9-10).
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