Þul Fiska 2III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Fiska heiti 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 853.
seiðr ‘coalfish’
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2. seiðr (noun m.): coalfish
[1] Síld seiðr skata: ‘[…]’ B, ‘silld seidr skata’ 744ˣ
notes
[1] seiðr, skata ‘coalfish, skate’: Coalfish (seiðr m.; Pollachius virens) is a saltwater fish of the cod family, also called ufsi in the present list (see st. 4/1 below). Skate (skata f.) belongs to the family Rajidai. Several different species of skate live in North Atlantic waters.
notes
[1] seiðr, skata ‘coalfish, skate’: Coalfish (seiðr m.; Pollachius virens) is a saltwater fish of the cod family, also called ufsi in the present list (see st. 4/1 below). Skate (skata f.) belongs to the family Rajidai. Several different species of skate live in North Atlantic waters.
síl ‘sand-eel’
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síl (noun f.)
notes
[2] síl, reyðr ok ǫgr ‘sand-eel, char and redfish’: Sand-eel (síl n.; Ammodytes tobanius) is a relatively small eel living on the sandy bottom of the sea. Reyðr m. is the Atlantic char (Salvelinus alpinus), living in fresh- and saltwater, and ǫgr m. is ‘redfish’ or ‘rose fish’, ‘ocean perch’ (Sebastes marinus), a saltwater fish.
reyðr ‘char’
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reyðr (noun f.; °; -ar): whale, rorqual
notes
[2] síl, reyðr ok ǫgr ‘sand-eel, char and redfish’: Sand-eel (síl n.; Ammodytes tobanius) is a relatively small eel living on the sandy bottom of the sea. Reyðr m. is the Atlantic char (Salvelinus alpinus), living in fresh- and saltwater, and ǫgr m. is ‘redfish’ or ‘rose fish’, ‘ocean perch’ (Sebastes marinus), a saltwater fish.
notes
[2] síl, reyðr ok ǫgr ‘sand-eel, char and redfish’: Sand-eel (síl n.; Ammodytes tobanius) is a relatively small eel living on the sandy bottom of the sea. Reyðr m. is the Atlantic char (Salvelinus alpinus), living in fresh- and saltwater, and ǫgr m. is ‘redfish’ or ‘rose fish’, ‘ocean perch’ (Sebastes marinus), a saltwater fish.
ǫgr ‘redfish’
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1. ǫgr (noun m.)
notes
[2] síl, reyðr ok ǫgr ‘sand-eel, char and redfish’: Sand-eel (síl n.; Ammodytes tobanius) is a relatively small eel living on the sandy bottom of the sea. Reyðr m. is the Atlantic char (Salvelinus alpinus), living in fresh- and saltwater, and ǫgr m. is ‘redfish’ or ‘rose fish’, ‘ocean perch’ (Sebastes marinus), a saltwater fish.
notes
[3] skreiðungr (m.) ‘codfish’: Gadus minutus (ÍO: skreiðung(u)r). According to Nordgaard (1912, 59), the name is derived from skreið ‘shoal of fish’, hence perhaps originally ‘fish from a shoal’.
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
síkr ‘houting’
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síkr (noun m.): fish, houting
[3] síkr: so Tˣ, A, ‘sitr’ or ‘sicr’ R, ‘lítr’ or ‘sícr’ C, ‘likr’ B
notes
[3] síkr (m.) ‘houting’: A kind of freshwater whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus).
notes
[4] skalgi (m.) ‘roach’: The word is not used in ModIcel. (ÍO: skalgi, skalg(u)r), but it is cognate with OE scealga ‘roach’ (Rutilus rutilus), a relatively small freshwater fish (Nordgaard 1912, 59).
fyldingr ‘fyldingr’
[5] fyldingr: ‘fyllvingr’ or ‘fylldingr’ C
notes
[5] fyldingr (m.): A hap. leg. and an unknown species of fish. The word seems to be derived from fold ‘earth’, and hence it may denote a groundling or a flat fish (cf. ÍO: fylding(u)r). Alternatively, the correct form of this heiti might have been fylvingr, which is possibly the C variant (see Nordgaard 1912, 59), but the word is difficult to read in that ms.
notes
[5] styrja (f.) ‘sturgeon’: Cf. OE styria ‘sturgeon’. This is the Atlantic or European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio). The word is not used in skaldic poetry but it occurs in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: styrja).
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
fuðryskill ‘sea scorpion’
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fuðryskill (noun m.)
[6] fuðryskill: so A, ‘fyþrvskill’ R, ‘fuðriskill’ Tˣ, ‘fydryskill’ C, ‘fud[…]’ B, ‘fudrískíll’ 744ˣ
notes
[6] fuðryskill (m.) ‘sea scorpion’: In Old Norse, this is most likely the term for Cottus scorpius, ‘shorthorn sculpin’ (Nordgaard 1912, 60), a freshwater fish, although ModIcel. fuðriskill, fuðryskill is Icelus bicornis ‘twohorn sculpin’ (Bjarni Sæmundsson 1926, 108).
notes
[7] hámerr (f.) ‘porbeagle shark’: Lit. ‘shark-mare’. Hámerr is the female porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus). See also hamarr ‘porbeagle shark’ (st. 3/2 below).
steinbítr ‘ocean catfish’
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steinbítr (noun m.)
[7] steinbítr: steinbeitr C, A, ‘[…]’ B, steinbítr 744ˣ
notes
[7] steinbítr (m.) ‘ocean catfish’: Lit. ‘stone-biter’. Most likely Anarhichas lupus, also known as seawolf, Atlantic catfish or Atlantic wolffish, although steinbítr could denote any of the three species of the family Anarhichadidae.
háskerðingr ‘Greenland shark’
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háskerðingr (noun m.)
notes
[8] háskerðingr (m.) ‘Greenland shark’: Somnius microcephalus. One of the largest species of shark.
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Of the sixteen heiti for ‘fish’ listed here, only six occur in poetry and they are all recorded in the first lines of the stanza: síld f. ‘herring’ (l. 1), seiðr m. ‘coalfish’ (l. 1), síl n. ‘sand-eel’ (l. 2), reyðr m. ‘char’ (l. 2), ǫgr m. ‘redfish’ (l. 2) and síkr m. ‘houting’ (l. 3).
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