R. D. Fulk (ed.) 2012, ‘Sigvatr Þórðarson, Austrfararvísur 3’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 587.
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
[1] Vasa (‘Vara’): Vara ek 68
[1] fý*st ‘[my] desire’: (a) The mss all read fyrst ‘first’, but this spoils the skothending and makes for strained sense. Editors including Árni Magnússon (in 761bˣ), Finnur Jónsson (Skj B) and Jón Helgason (1968, 45) have therefore emended to fýst, which in pronunciation may not have been far distant from fyrst. (b) The eds of ÍF 27 and Hkr 1991, as well as Jón Skaptason (1983, 84) retain fyrst, hence, in Jón Skaptason’s translation, ‘It was not the first [time] … that we met with disaster …’. (c) Kock (NN §2471) proposes frest ‘delay’, producing the sense ‘there was no delay when I fled …’.
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4. en (conj.): than
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2. er (conj.): who, which, when
[1] es (‘er’): so R686ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Holm4, 75c, Flat, Tóm, Kˣ, Bb, en Holm2, 325VII
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2. renna (verb): run (strong)
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1. rǫst (noun f.; °rastar; rastir): (a measure of distance)
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1. rǫst (noun f.; °rastar; rastir): (a measure of distance)
[1] rastir: rastar Tóm, Bb
[1] rastir ‘leagues’: The length of a rǫst is not known for certain; it varied according to the terrain.
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4. reiðr (adj.; °superl. -astr): angry
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
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skógr (noun m.; °-ar/-s, dat. -i; -ar): forest
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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Eiðar (noun f.): Eiðar
[2] Eiðum ‘Eiðar’: It is maintained by Noreen (1922a, 73) and Finnur Jónsson (1932, 13) against most others that sg. Eið (st. 2/1) and pl. Eið or Eiðar designate different places. Beckman (1923, 332) explains the pl. as referring collectively to Stora and Lilla Edet in Bohuslän. Note that Snorri understood the sg. and pl. forms to refer to the same place: see the Context to the preceding stanza, with its pl. form in comparison to the sg. one in the stanza itself. On the difficulties of establishing Sigvatr’s route, see Introduction.
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
[3] menn of veit ‘people know’: The expression, lit. ‘people knows’, with numerical disagreement of subject and verb and a sense such as ‘to be sure’, is idiomatic: see CVC: maðr B. 2. The expression is considered a late intrusion in the text by Noreen (1923, 36, citing Konráð Gíslason 1892, 177). But the decidedly unheroic context suggests the possibility that Sigvatr was here reaching for a comic effect. He seems, somewhat comparably, not to have been averse to using innovative anglicisms: see the Notes to sts 16/2, 16/8 and 19/3.
[3] menn of veit ‘people know’: The expression, lit. ‘people knows’, with numerical disagreement of subject and verb and a sense such as ‘to be sure’, is idiomatic: see CVC: maðr B. 2. The expression is considered a late intrusion in the text by Noreen (1923, 36, citing Konráð Gíslason 1892, 177). But the decidedly unheroic context suggests the possibility that Sigvatr was here reaching for a comic effect. He seems, somewhat comparably, not to have been averse to using innovative anglicisms: see the Notes to sts 16/2, 16/8 and 19/3.
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2. veita (verb): grant, give
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1. vita (verb): know
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1. vita (verb): know
[3] veit: veita 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, ‘væí(ti)’(?) 325VII
[3] menn of veit ‘people know’: The expression, lit. ‘people knows’, with numerical disagreement of subject and verb and a sense such as ‘to be sure’, is idiomatic: see CVC: maðr B. 2. The expression is considered a late intrusion in the text by Noreen (1923, 36, citing Konráð Gíslason 1892, 177). But the decidedly unheroic context suggests the possibility that Sigvatr was here reaching for a comic effect. He seems, somewhat comparably, not to have been averse to using innovative anglicisms: see the Notes to sts 16/2, 16/8 and 19/3.
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fǫr (noun f.): journey, fate; movement
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4. at (conj.): that
[3] at mœttum: at mœtum R686ˣ, Flat, Tóm, fǫr mœtum 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, ek at mœttum 68, at ek mœti 61, at ek mœtta Kˣ
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ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me
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mœta (verb): meet
[3] at mœttum: at mœtum R686ˣ, Flat, Tóm, fǫr mœtum 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, ek at mœttum 68, at ek mœti 61, at ek mœtta Kˣ
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mein (noun n.; °-s; -): harm, injury
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tolf (num. cardinal): twelve
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2. einn (pron.; °decl. cf. einn num.): one, alone
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4. at (conj.): that
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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2. hyggja (verb): think, consider
[5] Hykka (‘Hycc a‑’): hykk á Holm2, R686ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 73aˣ, 68, 61, Holm4, Flat, Kˣ, hygg á 75c, 325VII, Tóm, hykk at Bb
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2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
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4. en (conj.): than
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án (prep.): without
[5] án: en Holm2, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 325VI, 75a, 61, 75c, 325VII, Flat, Bb, enn 73aˣ, 68, Holm4, Tóm, Kˣ
[5] án ‘without’: The mss all have en ‘but’ (or enn ‘again, still’), which the eds of ÍF 27 and Hkr 1991 (and so Ternström 1871 and Jón Skaptason 1983, 84) would preserve. They read Hykk á ‘I think ... on’ (retaining the word division of the mss), rather than normalised Hykka ‘I think not’, and take the meaning of the helmingr to be, ‘I think, however, that we went there keenly on foot that day, but sores appeared [in] blotches on both soles of the king’s men’, which gives inferior sense.
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flet (noun n.): platform, floor
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fleiri (adj. comp.; °superl. flestr): more, most
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flekkr (noun m.): stain, defect
[5] flekkum: flettum 972ˣ, flestum 325VI, 75c, 325VII, Flat, Tóm
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falla (verb): fall
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sárr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): sore, painful; wounded
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3. á (prep.): on, at
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til (prep.): to
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várr (pron.; °f. ór/vár; pl. órir/várir): our
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hvat (pron.): what
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nári (noun m.; °-a): °lyske
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2. hverr (pron.): who, whom, each, every
[6] hvára: hvat 61, vára 325VII, ‘nara’ or ‘vara’ Flat
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
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hvatr (adj.; °-ari, -an; -astr): keen, brave
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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
[7] hvast: hvatt 325VI, Holm4, 75c, 325VII, Flat, ‘hatt’ Tóm
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
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gegna (verb): encounter, mean
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
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2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go
[7] gengum: gǫngum 75a, gegnir 61, gengu Flat, Tóm
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þangat (adv.): there, thither
[8] þann : mǫnnum: The full rhyme (aðalhending) of a and ǫ or á and ô (cf. sts 7/8, 10/4 etc.) may be an archaism. For a conspectus of its occurrence in Sigvatr’s poems, see Höskuldur Þráinsson (1970, 18-19).
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dagr (noun m.; °-s, dat. degi/dag/dagi(Thom¹ 332¹n.); -ar): day
[8] konungs‑: konung 68, 61, Bb
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2. margr (adj.; °-an): many
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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maðr (noun m.): man, person < konungsmaðr (noun m.)
[8] ‑mǫnnum: so 325VI, Holm4, 75c, Tóm, Kˣ, Bb, manni Holm2, R686ˣ, 972ˣ, 75a, 73aˣ, margir 68, manna 61, Flat, ‘man[…]’ 325VII
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
After crossing the river, they travel through Eiðaskógr (Eidskogen), and Sigvatr speaks this stanza.
[8] þann dag ‘that day’: Jón Skaptason (1983) would have this phrase depend on fell ‘fell, landed’, i.e. ‘appeared’ in l. 6.
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