HSt Frag 1I
Diana Whaley (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Fragment 1’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 940.
Tolf ‘twelve’
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tolf (num. cardinal): twelve
vas ‘was’
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
elds ‘of the fire’
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
kennings
Hati elds ýsetrs‘The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
elds ‘of the fire’
(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
kennings
Hati elds ýsetrs‘The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
at ‘in’
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3. at (prep.): at, to
aldri ‘age’
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aldr (noun m.; °aldrs, dat. aldri; aldrar): life, age
ý ‘of the yew-bow’s’
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ýr (noun m.): yew, yew-bow, bow < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
kennings
Hati elds ýsetrs‘The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
ý ‘of the yew-bow’s’
(not checked:)
ýr (noun m.): yew, yew-bow, bow < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
kennings
Hati elds ýsetrs‘The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
ý ‘of the yew-bow’s’
(not checked:)
ýr (noun m.): yew, yew-bow, bow < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
kennings
Hati elds ýsetrs‘The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
setrs ‘rest’
(not checked:)
setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
kennings
Hati elds ýsetrs‘The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
setrs ‘rest’
(not checked:)
setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
kennings
Hati elds ýsetrs‘The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
setrs ‘rest’
(not checked:)
setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
kennings
Hati elds ýsetrs‘The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
hati ‘The hater’
(not checked:)
hati (noun m.): hater
kennings
Hati elds ýsetrs‘The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest ’
= GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
the yew-bow’s rest → ARM/HAND
the fire of the ARM/HAND → GOLD
The hater of the GOLD → GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr
vetra ‘winters’
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vetr (noun m.; °vetrar/vetrs(HómHauksb³ 173²³), dat. vetri; vetr): winter
hraustr ‘the bold’
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hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant
kennings
hraustr vinr Hǫrða‘the bold friend of the Hǫrðar ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the bold friend of the Hǫrðar → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
þás ‘when’
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þás (conj.): when
her ‘his war’
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herskip (noun n.): warship
notes
[3] herskip ‘warships’: Since skip is n., this could be sg. or pl.
skip ‘ships’
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skip (noun n.; °-s; -): ship < herskip (noun n.): warship
notes
[3] herskip ‘warships’: Since skip is n., this could be sg. or pl.
glæsti ‘splendid’
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2. glær (adj.): splendid
Hǫrða ‘of the Hǫrðar’
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Hǫrðar (noun m.): the Hǫrðar
kennings
hraustr vinr Hǫrða‘the bold friend of the Hǫrðar ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the bold friend of the Hǫrðar → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
vinr ‘friend’
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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend
kennings
hraustr vinr Hǫrða‘the bold friend of the Hǫrðar ’
= NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
the bold friend of the Hǫrðar → NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr
ór ‘on leaving’
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3. ór (prep.): out of
notes
[4] ór ‘on leaving’: Lit. ‘out of, from’.
Gǫrðum ‘Russia’
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Garðar (noun m.): Russia
Hlóðu ‘loaded’
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2. hlaða (verb): heap, pile
Hamðis ‘of Hamðir’
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Hamðir (noun m.): Hamðir
kennings
klæðum Hamðis‘with the garments of Hamðir ’
= ARMOUR
with the garments of Hamðir → ARMOUR
klæðum ‘with the garments’
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klæði (noun n.; °-s; -): clothes
kennings
klæðum Hamðis‘with the garments of Hamðir ’
= ARMOUR
with the garments of Hamðir → ARMOUR
hjǫrva ‘of swords’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
kennings
skýjum gnýs hjǫrva‘clouds of the din of swords ’
= SHIELDS
the din of swords → BATTLE
clouds of the BATTLE → SHIELDS
hjǫrva ‘of swords’
(not checked:)
hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
kennings
skýjum gnýs hjǫrva‘clouds of the din of swords ’
= SHIELDS
the din of swords → BATTLE
clouds of the BATTLE → SHIELDS
gnýs ‘of the din’
(not checked:)
gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult
kennings
skýjum gnýs hjǫrva‘clouds of the din of swords ’
= SHIELDS
the din of swords → BATTLE
clouds of the BATTLE → SHIELDS
gnýs ‘of the din’
(not checked:)
gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult
kennings
skýjum gnýs hjǫrva‘clouds of the din of swords ’
= SHIELDS
the din of swords → BATTLE
clouds of the BATTLE → SHIELDS
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
skýjum ‘clouds’
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ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud
kennings
skýjum gnýs hjǫrva‘clouds of the din of swords ’
= SHIELDS
the din of swords → BATTLE
clouds of the BATTLE → SHIELDS
hilmis ‘The ruler’s’
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
menn ‘men’
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
sem ‘and likewise’
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sem (conj.): as, which
hjǫlmum ‘helmets’
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
hlýr ‘the bows’
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2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow < hlýrvigg (noun n.): [bows-steed]
kennings
hlýrvigg‘the bows-steed ’
= SHIP
the bows-steed → SHIP
vigg ‘steed’
(not checked:)
vigg (noun n.): steed < hlýrvigg (noun n.): [bows-steed]
kennings
hlýrvigg‘the bows-steed ’
= SHIP
the bows-steed → SHIP
en ‘and’
(not checked:)
2. en (conj.): but, and
notes
[8] mól ‘pounded’: The reading in F is ‘níol’ (so also 761bˣ(152r) and F 1871), since although the first three minims could represent ‘m’ (which is printed in Skj A, B, Skald and CPB), the acute accent marks out ‘í’. ‘Níol’, normalised njól, could be a poetic term for ‘night’ (LP: njól f.), but the context seems to require a predicate for stýri, the rudder or steering gear of a ship, and hence emendation to mól, 3rd pers. pret. sg. of mala ‘to grind’, is necessary, and is adopted in previous eds. The verb is normally used of grinding corn, but here seems to represent the motion of the rudder in heavy seas.
stýri ‘the rudder’
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stýri (noun n.; °-s; -): rudder
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
|
Tolf vas elds at aldri |
The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest [ARM/HAND > GOLD > GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr] was twelve winters in age when the bold friend of the Hǫrðar [NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr] made his warships splendid on leaving Russia. The ruler’s men loaded the bows-steed [SHIP] with the garments of Hamðir <legendary hero> [ARMOUR] and clouds of the din of swords [BATTLE > SHIELDS] and likewise helmets, and the rudder pounded.
Following a heading announcing the start of its account of Óláfr Tryggvason, the F narrative tells how Óláfr stays in Garðaríki (Russia) in great favour with King Valdamarr (Vladimir), who gives him command over an army sent to defend the land.
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