Diana Whaley (ed.) 2012, ‘Hallar-Steinn, Fragment 1’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 940.
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tolf (num. cardinal): twelve
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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
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eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
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3. at (prep.): at, to
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aldr (noun m.; °aldrs, dat. aldri; aldrar): life, age
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ýr (noun m.): yew, yew-bow, bow < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
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ýr (noun m.): yew, yew-bow, bow < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
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ýr (noun m.): yew, yew-bow, bow < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
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setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
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setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
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setr (noun n.; °-s; -): seat, abode < ýsetr (noun n.): [yew-bow rest]
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hati (noun m.): hater
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vetr (noun m.; °vetrar/vetrs(HómHauksb³ 173²³), dat. vetri; vetr): winter
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hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant
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þás (conj.): when
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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herskip (noun n.): warship
[3] herskip ‘warships’: Since skip is n., this could be sg. or pl.
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skip (noun n.; °-s; -): ship < herskip (noun n.): warship
[3] herskip ‘warships’: Since skip is n., this could be sg. or pl.
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2. glær (adj.): splendid
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Hǫrðar (noun m.): the Hǫrðar
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vinr (noun m.; °-ar, dat. -/(-i OsvReyk 92.17); -ir): friend
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3. ór (prep.): out of
[4] ór ‘on leaving’: Lit. ‘out of, from’.
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Garðar (noun m.): Russia
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2. hlaða (verb): heap, pile
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Hamðir (noun m.): Hamðir
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klæði (noun n.; °-s; -): clothes
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
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hjǫrr (noun m.): sword
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gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult
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gnýr (noun m.): din, tumult
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
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ský (noun n.; °-s; -): cloud
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hilmir (noun m.): prince, protector
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maðr (noun m.): man, person
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sem (conj.): as, which
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1. hjalmr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): helmet
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2. hlýr (noun n.; °-s; -): cheek, bow < hlýrvigg (noun n.): [bows-steed]
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vigg (noun n.): steed < hlýrvigg (noun n.): [bows-steed]
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2. en (conj.): but, and
[8] mól ‘pounded’: The reading in F is ‘níol’ (so also 761bˣ(152r) and F 1871), since although the first three minims could represent ‘m’ (which is printed in Skj A, B, Skald and CPB), the acute accent marks out ‘í’. ‘Níol’, normalised njól, could be a poetic term for ‘night’ (LP: njól f.), but the context seems to require a predicate for stýri, the rudder or steering gear of a ship, and hence emendation to mól, 3rd pers. pret. sg. of mala ‘to grind’, is necessary, and is adopted in previous eds. The verb is normally used of grinding corn, but here seems to represent the motion of the rudder in heavy seas.
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stýri (noun n.; °-s; -): rudder
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Tolf vas elds at aldri |
The hater of the fire of the yew-bow’s rest [ARM/HAND > GOLD > GENEROUS MAN = Óláfr] was twelve winters in age when the bold friend of the Hǫrðar [NORWEGIAN KING = Óláfr] made his warships splendid on leaving Russia. The ruler’s men loaded the bows-steed [SHIP] with the garments of Hamðir <legendary hero> [ARMOUR] and clouds of the din of swords [BATTLE > SHIELDS] and likewise helmets, and the rudder pounded.
Following a heading announcing the start of its account of Óláfr Tryggvason, the F narrative tells how Óláfr stays in Garðaríki (Russia) in great favour with King Valdamarr (Vladimir), who gives him command over an army sent to defend the land.
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