Bjarni Frag 5III
Edith Marold (ed.) 2017, ‘Bjarni ...ason, Fragments 5’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 25.
Ok ‘And’
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
lið ‘the troop’
(not checked:)
lið (noun n.; °-s; -): retinue, troop < liðhraustr (adj.): [troop-bold]
kennings
liðhraustan stýri lagdýrs,‘the troop-bold commander of the sea-beast, ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-beast, → SHIP
the troop-bold commander of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[1] liðhraustan ‘troop-bold’: Kock (NN §3235) deliberates whether lið- might be from liðr ‘joint, limb’ rather than from lið n. ‘troop, army’. If so, liðhraustan would mean, according to him, med kraftig arm, (kroppsligt) stark ‘with a strong arm, (physically) strong’. No known cpd adj. has that word as its first element, however, whereas such adjectives as liðgegn ‘helpful to men’, liðdrjúgr ‘strong in number’ and liðstórr ‘great of help’ (all LP) are quite common. The adj. liðhraustr also appears in Mark Eirdr 26/2II (on the meaning, see Note there).
hraustan ‘bold’
(not checked:)
hraustr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): strong, valiant < liðhraustr (adj.): [troop-bold]
kennings
liðhraustan stýri lagdýrs,‘the troop-bold commander of the sea-beast, ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-beast, → SHIP
the troop-bold commander of the SHIP → SEAFARER
notes
[1] liðhraustan ‘troop-bold’: Kock (NN §3235) deliberates whether lið- might be from liðr ‘joint, limb’ rather than from lið n. ‘troop, army’. If so, liðhraustan would mean, according to him, med kraftig arm, (kroppsligt) stark ‘with a strong arm, (physically) strong’. No known cpd adj. has that word as its first element, however, whereas such adjectives as liðgegn ‘helpful to men’, liðdrjúgr ‘strong in number’ and liðstórr ‘great of help’ (all LP) are quite common. The adj. liðhraustr also appears in Mark Eirdr 26/2II (on the meaning, see Note there).
leysti ‘released’
(not checked:)
leysa (verb): release, loosen, redeem
notes
[1, 4] leysti ofan ‘released … from above’: Lit. ‘unfastened from above’. The sense is that the woman unties the man from the wheel and lowers him to the ground.
Lofn ‘the Lofn’
(not checked:)
Lofn (noun f.): Lofn
kennings
Lofn landrifs‘the Lofn of the land-rib ’
= WOMAN
the land-rib → STONE
the Lofn of the STONE → WOMAN
notes
[2, 3] Lofn landrifs ‘the Lofn <goddess> of the land-rib [STONE > WOMAN]’: Cf. also Ólhelg Lv 2/1, 2I. Lofn is a goddess whose name is frequently used in woman-kennings, but very little is known about her (see Note to Þul Ásynja 1/6).
es ‘when’
(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when
herr ‘the army’
(not checked:)
herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host
[2] herr: so 743ˣ, ‘hertt’ 2368ˣ
vas ‘had’
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
sofnaðr ‘fallen asleep’
(not checked:)
sofna (verb): sleep, fall asleep
land ‘of the land’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landrif (noun n.): [land-rib]
kennings
Lofn landrifs‘the Lofn of the land-rib ’
= WOMAN
the land-rib → STONE
the Lofn of the STONE → WOMAN
notes
[2, 3] Lofn landrifs ‘the Lofn <goddess> of the land-rib [STONE > WOMAN]’: Cf. also Ólhelg Lv 2/1, 2I. Lofn is a goddess whose name is frequently used in woman-kennings, but very little is known about her (see Note to Þul Ásynja 1/6).
land ‘of the land’
(not checked:)
land (noun n.; °-s; *-): land < landrif (noun n.): [land-rib]
kennings
Lofn landrifs‘the Lofn of the land-rib ’
= WOMAN
the land-rib → STONE
the Lofn of the STONE → WOMAN
notes
[2, 3] Lofn landrifs ‘the Lofn <goddess> of the land-rib [STONE > WOMAN]’: Cf. also Ólhelg Lv 2/1, 2I. Lofn is a goddess whose name is frequently used in woman-kennings, but very little is known about her (see Note to Þul Ásynja 1/6).
rifs ‘rib’
(not checked:)
1. rif (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): rib, reason < landrif (noun n.): [land-rib]
kennings
Lofn landrifs‘the Lofn of the land-rib ’
= WOMAN
the land-rib → STONE
the Lofn of the STONE → WOMAN
notes
[2, 3] Lofn landrifs ‘the Lofn <goddess> of the land-rib [STONE > WOMAN]’: Cf. also Ólhelg Lv 2/1, 2I. Lofn is a goddess whose name is frequently used in woman-kennings, but very little is known about her (see Note to Þul Ásynja 1/6).
rifs ‘rib’
(not checked:)
1. rif (noun n.; °-s; -, gen. -ja): rib, reason < landrif (noun n.): [land-rib]
kennings
Lofn landrifs‘the Lofn of the land-rib ’
= WOMAN
the land-rib → STONE
the Lofn of the STONE → WOMAN
notes
[2, 3] Lofn landrifs ‘the Lofn <goddess> of the land-rib [STONE > WOMAN]’: Cf. also Ólhelg Lv 2/1, 2I. Lofn is a goddess whose name is frequently used in woman-kennings, but very little is known about her (see Note to Þul Ásynja 1/6).
lengi ‘long’
(not checked:)
lengi (adv.): for a long time
lag ‘of the sea’
(not checked:)
lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea < lagdýr (noun n.)
kennings
liðhraustan stýri lagdýrs,‘the troop-bold commander of the sea-beast, ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-beast, → SHIP
the troop-bold commander of the SHIP → SEAFARER
lag ‘of the sea’
(not checked:)
lǫgr (noun m.; °lagar, dat. legi): sea < lagdýr (noun n.)
kennings
liðhraustan stýri lagdýrs,‘the troop-bold commander of the sea-beast, ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-beast, → SHIP
the troop-bold commander of the SHIP → SEAFARER
dýrs ‘beast’
(not checked:)
1. dýr (noun n.; °-s (spec.: dyʀiɴs KonrA 66⁴, etc., cf. Seip 1955 188-189); -): animal < lagdýr (noun n.)
kennings
liðhraustan stýri lagdýrs,‘the troop-bold commander of the sea-beast, ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-beast, → SHIP
the troop-bold commander of the SHIP → SEAFARER
dýrs ‘beast’
(not checked:)
1. dýr (noun n.; °-s (spec.: dyʀiɴs KonrA 66⁴, etc., cf. Seip 1955 188-189); -): animal < lagdýr (noun n.)
kennings
liðhraustan stýri lagdýrs,‘the troop-bold commander of the sea-beast, ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-beast, → SHIP
the troop-bold commander of the SHIP → SEAFARER
ofan ‘from above’
(not checked:)
ofan (adv.): down
notes
[1, 4] leysti ofan ‘released … from above’: Lit. ‘unfastened from above’. The sense is that the woman unties the man from the wheel and lowers him to the ground.
stýri ‘commander’
(not checked:)
stýrir (noun m.): ruler, controller
kennings
liðhraustan stýri lagdýrs,‘the troop-bold commander of the sea-beast, ’
= SEAFARER
the sea-beast, → SHIP
the troop-bold commander of the SHIP → SEAFARER
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
This helmingr is cited to exemplify that stones and terms for ‘stone’ can be used as determinants in woman-kennings.
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