Þul Manna 1^III

Mál ‘time’

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1. mál (noun n.; °-s; -): speech, matter

[1] Mál: ‘[…]al’ B, ‘Mal’ 744ˣ

es ‘It is’

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2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

at ‘to’

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5. at (nota): to (with infinitive)

segja ‘say’

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segja (verb): say, tell

[1] segja: ‘seiga’ Tˣ

manna ‘for men’

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maðr (noun m.): man, person

[2] manna: ‘[…]nna’ B, manna 744ˣ

heiti ‘the names’

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heiti (noun n.): name, promise

greppar ‘poets’

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greppr (noun m.; °; -ar): poet, man

[3] greppar: ‘g[…]pr’ B, ‘greppr’ 744ˣ

notes

[3] greppar ‘poets’: In Skm (SnE 1998, I, 105), the list of names for ‘men’ opens with the same heiti: Skáld heita greppar ok rétt er í skáldskap at kenna svá hvern mann ‘Poets are called greppar, and in poetry it is proper to refer thus to any man’.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[3] ok: om. Tˣ

gumnar ‘gumnar’

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gumi (noun m.; °-a; gumar/gumnar): man

notes

[3, 4] gumnar, gumar: Both heiti are variant pl. forms of the word gumi m. (cf. Lat. homo ‘man’). Both words are commonly used poetic terms for ‘men’ in general, despite the following explanation given in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 105): Gumnar eða gumar heita flokkstjórar, svá sem gumi er kallaðr í brúðfǫr ‘The leaders of a troop are called gumnar or gumar, just as one in a bridal party is called gumi (“groom”)’.

gumar ‘gumar’

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gumi (noun m.; °-a; gumar/gumnar): man

[4] gumar: ‘g[…]’ B, ‘gu… . .’ 744ˣ

notes

[3, 4] gumnar, gumar: Both heiti are variant pl. forms of the word gumi m. (cf. Lat. homo ‘man’). Both words are commonly used poetic terms for ‘men’ in general, despite the following explanation given in Skm (SnE 1998, I, 105): Gumnar eða gumar heita flokkstjórar, svá sem gumi er kallaðr í brúðfǫr ‘The leaders of a troop are called gumnar or gumar, just as one in a bridal party is called gumi (“groom”)’.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[4] ok: om. Tˣ, ‘[…]’ B, ‘.’ 744ˣ

drengir ‘bold men’

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drengr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -; -ir, gen. -ja): man, warrior

[4] drengir: ‘[…]’ B, ‘. . eingir’ 744ˣ

notes

[4] drengir ‘bold men’: Pl. of drengr m., lit. ‘support’. Skm gives an exhaustive explanation of this heiti (SnE 1998, I, 106): Drengir heita ungir menn búlausir meðan þeir afla sér fjár eða orðstír … þeir ok drengir er þjóna ríkum mǫnnum … Drengir heita vaskir menn ok batnandi ‘Young men without a household of their own are called drengir while they are acquiring wealth or fame … drengir are also those who are in the service of mighty men … Bold and ambitious men are called drengir’. Most frequently the word occurs in poetry in the sense ‘bold, valiant, worthy man’. For a discussion of the word, see Goetting 2006.

gotnar ‘gotnar’

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gotnar (noun m.): men

[5] gotnar: gotnar ok A, ‘[…] ok’ B, gotar ok 744ˣ

notes

[5] gotnar: Or gotar (pl. of goti), originally ‘Goths’. In Skm (SnE 1998, I, 105), however, the heiti is derived from the name of a King Goti, which is one of Óðinn’s names (see Þul Óðins 1/6). The word is frequently used in poetry as a collective term for ‘men’.

rekkar ‘upright men’

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rekkr (noun m.; °; -ar): man, champion

[5] rekkar: ‘rekk[…]’ B, rekkar 744ˣ

notes

[5] rekkar ‘upright men’: Pl. of rekkr m. ‘straight, upright man’ (cf. the adj. rakkr ‘straight’), cognate with OE rinc, OS rink, OHG rinch ‘man, warrior’ (AEW: rekkr). The word is mostly used in poetry in the sense ‘hero’, ‘a king’s warrior’ or ‘man’ in general. Skm (SnE 1998, I, 105) provides the following definition of the word: Rekkar váru kallaðir þeir menn er fylgðu Hálfi konungi ok af þeirra nafni eru rekkar kallaðir hermenn ok er rétt at kenna svá alla menn ‘Those men who accompanied King Hálfr were called rekkar, and from their name warriors are called rekkar, and it is correct to refer to all men in this way’. For King Hálfr and his men, the Hálfsrekkar, see Hálfs saga ok Hálfsrekka (Hálf).

garpar ‘champions’

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garpr (noun m.): champion

[6] garpar: greppar A, ‘[…]rp[…]’ B, garpar 744ˣ

notes

[6] garpar ‘champions’: Pl. of garpr m. ‘warlike man’ (cf. New Norw. dialects garpa ‘boast’; see CVC: garpr and ÍO: garpur). In Skm (SnE 1998, I, 106) this heiti is listed among other terms for ‘valiant warriors’.

seggir ‘men’

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seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man

[6] seggir: ‘[…]ggir’ B, seggir 744ˣ

sveit ‘troop’

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sveit (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): host, company

[7] sveit: sveit ok B

snillingar ‘valiant ones’

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1. snillingr (noun m.; °dat. -i; -ar): °modig person, helt; veltalende person, filosof

[7] snillingar: ‘snilli[…]’ B, snillingar 744ˣ

notes

[7] snillingar ‘valiant ones’: The word is derived from the adj. snjallr ‘eloquent, good, valiant’. In Þul Orma 4/3, snillingr is a heiti for ‘serpent’.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

[8] ok: om. Tˣ

sæl ‘affluent’

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sæll (adj.): happy, blessed < sælkeri (noun m.)

[8] sæl‑: ‘[…]e᷎l‑’ B, ‘se᷎l‑’ 744ˣ

notes

[8] sælkerar ‘affluent ones’: Cf. the weak verb sælka ‘make happy’ and the adj. sæll ‘blessed, happy’. In Modern Icelandic, sælkeri is a ‘gourmand’. The word is listed in Skm among other terms for ‘generous man’ (SnE 1998, I, 106: Ǫrr maðr heitir … sælkeri ‘A generous man is called … sælkeri’), but it is never used in poetry.

kerar ‘ones’

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1. -keri (noun m.) < sælkeri (noun m.)

notes

[8] sælkerar ‘affluent ones’: Cf. the weak verb sælka ‘make happy’ and the adj. sæll ‘blessed, happy’. In Modern Icelandic, sælkeri is a ‘gourmand’. The word is listed in Skm among other terms for ‘generous man’ (SnE 1998, I, 106: Ǫrr maðr heitir … sælkeri ‘A generous man is called … sælkeri’), but it is never used in poetry.