Hrólfs saga kraka — chs 34-35 §34.3

Bǫðvarr ‘Bǫðvarr’

nom. sg.

Bǫðvarr (noun m.): Bǫðvarr

þrífr ‘grabs’

3rd pers. pres. sg.

þrífa (verb): grab, grasp; thrive (refl.)

til ‘at’

til (prep.): to

hans ‘him’

gen. m. sg.

hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

ok ‘and’

3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

hnykkir ‘pulls’

3rd pers. pres. sg.

hnykkja (verb): pull violently

honum ‘him’

dat. m. sg.

hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

upp ‘up’

upp (adv.): up

ór ‘out of’

3. ór (prep.): out of

beinahrúgunni ‘the bone pile’

dat. sg. definite form;

beinahrúga (noun f.; °-u): bone-pile

Hǫttr ‘Hǫttr’

nom.

2. Hǫttr (noun m.; °hattar, dat. hetti; hettir, acc. hǫttu): Hǫttr

kvað ‘cried’

3rd pers. pret. sg.

2. kveðja (verb): say, greet

þá ‘then’

2. þá (adv.): then

hátt ‘loudly’

nom. n. sg. adverbial;

3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high

hátt ‘loudly’: Adverbs are normally formed from the dative form of an adjective. The adjective hárr normally means ‘high’ or ‘tall’, but also is used to mean ‘loud’.

við ‘at that’

2. við (prep.): with, against

við ‘at that’: Once again a preposition is used without a pronoun; the object ‘it, that’ is understood.

ok ‘and’

3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

mælti ‘said’

3rd pers. pret. sg.

1. mæla (verb): speak, say

Nú ‘Now’

nú (adv.): now

viltu ‘you want’

3rd pers. pres. sg. enclictic pronoun;

vilja (verb): want, intend

bana ‘killed’

infinitive;

bana (verb; °-að-): kill

mér ‘me’

dat. sg.

ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

Gør ‘Do’

imp. 2nd pers. sg.

1. gera (verb): do, make

eigi ‘n’t’

3. eigi (adv.): not

þetta ‘that’

acc. n. sg.

1. sjá (pron.; °gen. þessa dat. þessum/þeima, acc. þenna; f. sjá/þessi; n. þetta, dat. þessu/þvísa; pl. þessir): this

svá ‘just’

svá (adv.): so, thus

sem ‘as’

sem (conj.): as, which

ek ‘I’

nom. sg.

ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

hefi ‘have’

1st pers. pres. sg.

hafa (verb): have

nú ‘now’

nú (adv.): now

vel ‘’

vel (adv.): well, very

um ‘’

1. um (prep.): about, around

búizk ‘finished’

pret. middle participle;

2. búa (verb; °býr (1. pers. býg NjM 330²⁴); bjó/bjuggi/bjǫggi/byggi, bjuggu/bjǫggu (præt. conj. byggi); búinn (n. sg. búit/bút)): prepare, ready, live

en ‘but’

2. en (conj.): but, and

þú ‘you’

nom. sg.

þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you

hefr ‘have’

2nd pers. pres. sg.

hafa (verb): have

nú ‘now’

nú (adv.): now

rofit ‘broken’

pret. participle;

rjúfa (verb): break

í ‘a’

í (prep.): in, into

sundr ‘part’

sundr (adv.): (a)sunder

skjaldborg ‘shield-wall’

acc. sg.

skjaldborg (noun f.): shield-wall

mína ‘my’

acc. f. sg.

minn (pron.; °f. mín, n. mitt): my

ok ‘and’

3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

hafða ‘had’

1st pers. pret. sg.

hafa (verb): have

ek ‘I’

nom. sg.

ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

nú ‘now’

nú (adv.): now

gǫrt ‘made’

n. pret. participle;

1. gera (verb): do, make

hana ‘it’

acc. f. sg.

hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

hana ‘it’: Literally ‘her’, hana is the accusative feminine form of hann. It is used here to refer to the feminine noun skjaldborg, and so is translated idiomatically as ‘it’.

svá ‘so’

svá (adv.): so, thus

háva ‘high’

acc. f. sg.

3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high

útan ‘around’

útan (prep.): outside, without

at ‘’

3. at (prep.): at, to

mér ‘me’

dat. sg.

ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

at ‘that’

4. at (conj.): that

hon ‘it’

nom. f. sg.

hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

hefr ‘has’

3rd pers. pres. sg.

hafa (verb): have

hlíft ‘protected’

pret. participle;

hlífa (verb): protect

mér ‘me’

dat. sg.

ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

við ‘against’

2. við (prep.): with, against

ǫllum ‘all’

dat. n. pl.

allr (adj.): all

hǫggum ‘blows’

dat. pl.

hǫgg (noun n.; °-s, dat. hǫggvi/hǫggi; -): blow

ykkar ‘your’

gen.

it (pron.; °gen. ykkar, dat./acc. ykkr): you (two)

svá ‘such’

svá (adv.): so, thus

at ‘that’

4. at (conj.): that

ekkert ‘no’

nom. n. sg.

ekkert (pron.): no(thing)

hǫgg ‘blow’

nom. sg.

hǫgg (noun n.; °-s, dat. hǫggvi/hǫggi; -): blow

hefir ‘has’

3rd pers. pres. sg.

hafa (verb): have

komit ‘reached’

participle;

koma (verb; kem, kom/kvam, kominn): come

á ‘’

3. á (prep.): on, at

mik ‘me’

acc. sg.

ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

lengi ‘for a long time’

lengi (adv.): for a long time

en ‘but’

2. en (conj.): but, and

ekki ‘not’

2. ekki (adv.): not

var ‘was’

3rd pers. pret. sg.

2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am

hon ‘it’

nom. f. sg.

hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

þó ‘yet’

þó (adv.): though

enn ‘still’

2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again

svá ‘as’

svá (adv.): so, thus

búin ‘finished’

f. pret. participle;

2. búa (verb; °býr (1. pers. býg NjM 330²⁴); bjó/bjuggi/bjǫggi/byggi, bjuggu/bjǫggu (præt. conj. byggi); búinn (n. sg. búit/bút)): prepare, ready, live

sem ‘as’

sem (conj.): as, which

ek ‘I’

nom. sg.

ek (pron.; °mín, dat. mér, acc. mik): I, me

ætlaða ‘wanted’

1st pers. pret. sg.

ætla (verb): intend, mean, think

hon ‘it’

nom. f. sg.

hann (pron.; °gen. hans, dat. honum; f. hon, gen. hennar, acc. hana): he, she, it, they, them...

skyldi ‘to’

subj. 3rd pers. pret. sg.

skulu (verb): shall, should, must

vera ‘be’

infinitive;

2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am