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Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages

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Sturl Hákkv 24^II

Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2009, ‘Sturla Þórðarson, Hákonarkviða 24’ in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 717.

Sturla Þórðarson Hákonarkviða

Ok ‘And’

(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

þar ‘there’

(not checked:)
þar (adv.): there

gekk ‘stepped’

(not checked:)
2. ganga (verb; geng, gekk, gengu, genginn): walk, go

á ‘on’

(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at

[2] á: í 81a

notes

[2] á Gjallarbrú ‘on Gjallarbrú’: Bridge across Gjǫll, the river separating the world of the living from the world of the dead. See Note to st. 21/3 above and SnE 2005, 47. This reference to the pagan realm of Hel is rather curious here, especially since the poem must have been recited before Skúli’s grandson, Magnús Hákonarson. The st. does not seem to imply that Skúli was going to rest peacefully in heaven after his death since he was imagined to be on his way across Gjallarbrú.

Gjallar ‘Gjallar’

(not checked:)
gjǫll (noun f.): clamour < Gjallarbrú (noun f.)

notes

[2] á Gjallarbrú ‘on Gjallarbrú’: Bridge across Gjǫll, the river separating the world of the living from the world of the dead. See Note to st. 21/3 above and SnE 2005, 47. This reference to the pagan realm of Hel is rather curious here, especially since the poem must have been recited before Skúli’s grandson, Magnús Hákonarson. The st. does not seem to imply that Skúli was going to rest peacefully in heaven after his death since he was imagined to be on his way across Gjallarbrú.

brú ‘brú’

(not checked:)
brú (noun f.; °-ar; brúar/brýr/brúr(Hák81 557)): bridge, causeway < Gjallarbrú (noun f.)

[2] ‑brú: om. 8

notes

[2] á Gjallarbrú ‘on Gjallarbrú’: Bridge across Gjǫll, the river separating the world of the living from the world of the dead. See Note to st. 21/3 above and SnE 2005, 47. This reference to the pagan realm of Hel is rather curious here, especially since the poem must have been recited before Skúli’s grandson, Magnús Hákonarson. The st. does not seem to imply that Skúli was going to rest peacefully in heaven after his death since he was imagined to be on his way across Gjallarbrú.

ræsis ‘of the ruler’

(not checked:)
ræsir (noun m.): ruler

notes

[3] mágr ræsis ‘the in-law of the ruler’: Skúli Bárðarson. Hákon was married to Skúli’s daughter, Margrét.

mágr ‘the in-law’

(not checked:)
mágr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-; -ar): brother-, father-, or son-in-law

notes

[3] mágr ræsis ‘the in-law of the ruler’: Skúli Bárðarson. Hákon was married to Skúli’s daughter, Margrét.

fyr ‘because of’

(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.

notes

[4-5] fyr riðusóttum bliks bauga ‘because of the fevers of the gleam of shield-bosses [SWORD]’: Refers to Skúli’s death by the sword. Riðusótt lit. ‘quivering illness’ denotes attacks of fever, shivering, malaria, and it is not a base-word proper in a kenning; rather, Skúli died from ‘an illness of the sword’.

riðusóttum ‘the fevers’

(not checked:)
riðusótt (noun f.): [fevers]

notes

[4-5] fyr riðusóttum bliks bauga ‘because of the fevers of the gleam of shield-bosses [SWORD]’: Refers to Skúli’s death by the sword. Riðusótt lit. ‘quivering illness’ denotes attacks of fever, shivering, malaria, and it is not a base-word proper in a kenning; rather, Skúli died from ‘an illness of the sword’.

bauga ‘of shield-bosses’

(not checked:)
baugr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): ring

kennings

bliks bauga,
‘of the gleam of shield-bosses ’
= SWORD
the gleam of shield-bosses → SWORD

notes

[4-5] fyr riðusóttum bliks bauga ‘because of the fevers of the gleam of shield-bosses [SWORD]’: Refers to Skúli’s death by the sword. Riðusótt lit. ‘quivering illness’ denotes attacks of fever, shivering, malaria, and it is not a base-word proper in a kenning; rather, Skúli died from ‘an illness of the sword’.

bliks ‘of the gleam’

(not checked:)
blik (noun n.): gleam

[5] bliks: ‘bligs’ 81a

kennings

bliks bauga,
‘of the gleam of shield-bosses ’
= SWORD
the gleam of shield-bosses → SWORD

notes

[4-5] fyr riðusóttum bliks bauga ‘because of the fevers of the gleam of shield-bosses [SWORD]’: Refers to Skúli’s death by the sword. Riðusótt lit. ‘quivering illness’ denotes attacks of fever, shivering, malaria, and it is not a base-word proper in a kenning; rather, Skúli died from ‘an illness of the sword’.

er ‘when’

(not checked:)
2. er (conj.): who, which, when

boðar ‘the offerers’

(not checked:)
boði (noun m.; °-a; -ar): messenger, breaker

kennings

boðar elda vers
‘the offerers of the fires of the ocean ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the fires of the ocean → GOLD
the offerers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

fellu ‘fell’

(not checked:)
falla (verb): fall

elda ‘of the fires’

(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire

kennings

boðar elda vers
‘the offerers of the fires of the ocean ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the fires of the ocean → GOLD
the offerers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

notes

[7] elda vers ‘of the fires of the ocean [GOLD]’: As Kock (NN §2288) points out, this might be construed as vers elda ‘of the verse of swords’ i.e. ‘of battle’, although that interpretion (favoured by Kock) is somewhat strained. Eldr ‘fire’ usually occurs as a base-word in kennings for ‘sword’ rather than as a heiti for ‘sword’ (see LP: eldr and eldr 7).

elda ‘of the fires’

(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire

kennings

boðar elda vers
‘the offerers of the fires of the ocean ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the fires of the ocean → GOLD
the offerers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

notes

[7] elda vers ‘of the fires of the ocean [GOLD]’: As Kock (NN §2288) points out, this might be construed as vers elda ‘of the verse of swords’ i.e. ‘of battle’, although that interpretion (favoured by Kock) is somewhat strained. Eldr ‘fire’ usually occurs as a base-word in kennings for ‘sword’ rather than as a heiti for ‘sword’ (see LP: eldr and eldr 7).

vers ‘of the ocean’

(not checked:)
1. ver (noun n.; °-s; dat. -jum/-um): sea

kennings

boðar elda vers
‘the offerers of the fires of the ocean ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the fires of the ocean → GOLD
the offerers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

notes

[7] elda vers ‘of the fires of the ocean [GOLD]’: As Kock (NN §2288) points out, this might be construed as vers elda ‘of the verse of swords’ i.e. ‘of battle’, although that interpretion (favoured by Kock) is somewhat strained. Eldr ‘fire’ usually occurs as a base-word in kennings for ‘sword’ rather than as a heiti for ‘sword’ (see LP: eldr and eldr 7).

vers ‘of the ocean’

(not checked:)
1. ver (noun n.; °-s; dat. -jum/-um): sea

kennings

boðar elda vers
‘the offerers of the fires of the ocean ’
= GENEROUS MEN
the fires of the ocean → GOLD
the offerers of the GOLD → GENEROUS MEN

notes

[7] elda vers ‘of the fires of the ocean [GOLD]’: As Kock (NN §2288) points out, this might be construed as vers elda ‘of the verse of swords’ i.e. ‘of battle’, although that interpretion (favoured by Kock) is somewhat strained. Eldr ‘fire’ usually occurs as a base-word in kennings for ‘sword’ rather than as a heiti for ‘sword’ (see LP: eldr and eldr 7).

of ‘around’

(not checked:)
3. of (prep.): around, from; too

afarmenni ‘the proud man’

(not checked:)
afarmenni (noun n.): [proud man]

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As st. 23 above.

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