Tarrin Wills (ed.) 2017, ‘Óláfr hvítaskáld Þórðarson, Fragments 8’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 308.
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kjǫlr (noun m.; °kjalar, dat. kili; kjǫlir): keel, ship
[All]: An example of rétthent ‘consistently-rhymed’ metre (cf. SnSt Ht 42), that is, where there are full rhymes in odd and even lines.
[All]: An example of rétthent ‘consistently-rhymed’ metre (cf. SnSt Ht 42), that is, where there are full rhymes in odd and even lines.
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kløkkr (adj.): flexible, humble
[All]: An example of rétthent ‘consistently-rhymed’ metre (cf. SnSt Ht 42), that is, where there are full rhymes in odd and even lines.
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3. á (prep.): on, at
[All]: An example of rétthent ‘consistently-rhymed’ metre (cf. SnSt Ht 42), that is, where there are full rhymes in odd and even lines.
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2. falr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): white, marketable
[All]: An example of rétthent ‘consistently-rhymed’ metre (cf. SnSt Ht 42), that is, where there are full rhymes in odd and even lines.
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krafti (noun m.; °-a): [bollard, planked] < krafthár (adj.)
[All]: An example of rétthent ‘consistently-rhymed’ metre (cf. SnSt Ht 42), that is, where there are full rhymes in odd and even lines.
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3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high < krafthár (adj.)
[All]: An example of rétthent ‘consistently-rhymed’ metre (cf. SnSt Ht 42), that is, where there are full rhymes in odd and even lines.
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meginn (adj.; °megnan; compar. megnari, superl. megnastr): strength < meginbára (noun f.): [a mighty wave]
[All]: An example of rétthent ‘consistently-rhymed’ metre (cf. SnSt Ht 42), that is, where there are full rhymes in odd and even lines.
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1. bára (noun f.; °-u; -ur): wave < meginbára (noun f.): [a mighty wave]
[All]: An example of rétthent ‘consistently-rhymed’ metre (cf. SnSt Ht 42), that is, where there are full rhymes in odd and even lines.
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Cited as an example of synecdoche, where a part is substituted for the whole (i.e. pars pro toto), here kjǫlr ‘keel’ for ‘ship’.
The example in Donatus (Holtz 1981, 669, from Aeneid I, 399) is puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum ‘your sterns and your youths’. In his commentary, Sedulius Scottus adds (CCCM 40B, 382), A puppibus enim naues significat ‘By “sterns” ships are meant’. Óláfr likewise comments (TGT 1927, 81): Hér er kjǫlr settr fyrir ǫllu því skipi ‘Here “keel” is used for the whole of that ship’. Donatus (loc. cit., from Aeneid I, 114-15) also has a second example, ingens a vertice pontus in puppim ferit ‘a huge sea strikes the stern from the top’. Ship parts are common examples of this type of synecdoche, but the similarity of the examples suggests influence of the Latin on the Old Norse couplet.
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