Þul Hjálms 2^III

Hildigǫltr ‘Hildigǫltr (‘Battle-boar’)’

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hildigǫltr (noun m.): Battle-boar

notes

[1] Hildigǫltr (m.) ‘(“Battle-boar”)’: The helmet which King Aðils captured after King Áli’s death, otherwise called Hildisvín ‘battle-swine’ (SnE 1998, I, 58). See also Hyndl 7/5-10 and Kommentar III, 715-16. Cf. valhrímnir ‘slaughter-boar’ (st. 1/4).

kellir ‘head covering’

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kellir (noun m.): [head covering]

[1] kellir: ‘ke᷎lír’ B

notes

[1] kellir (m.) ‘head covering’: A poetic term for ‘helmet’, otherwise found only in KormǪ Lv 34/3^V (Korm 53). The origin and meaning of this heiti are obscure, and none of the proposed derivations are unproblematic from a phonological point of view. In LP: kellir, the word is related to kollr m. ‘head’, hence ‘head covering’ (adopted in this edn). According to Falk (1914b, 162 n. 1), kellir is a loanword from OIr. celbir ‘helmet’, while de Vries (AEW: kellir) finds a parallel to this word in ModGer. Kelle ‘scoop’, and suggests that the lit. meaning might have been ‘hollow object’ (see also ÍO: kellir 2). This heiti also occurs several times in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: kellir).

her ‘war’

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herr (noun m.; °-s/-jar, dat. -; -jar, gen. -ja/herra): army, host < herkuml (noun n.): war token

notes

[2] herkumbl (n.) ‘war-token’: The second element of this cpd denotes a sign (kumbl or kuml) painted on shields and helmets. Cf. also kumbl ‘helmet’ in Ghv 7/3.

kumbl ‘token’

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kumbl (noun n.): mark, momument, cairn < herkuml (noun n.): war token

[2] ‑kumbl: ‑kuml C

notes

[2] herkumbl (n.) ‘war-token’: The second element of this cpd denotes a sign (kumbl or kuml) painted on shields and helmets. Cf. also kumbl ‘helmet’ in Ghv 7/3.

ok ‘and’

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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also

velgr ‘velgr’

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velgr (noun m.): [velgr]

notes

[2] velgr (m.): Perhaps related to the weak verb velgja ‘warm’, but if so, it must be a secondary derivation (velgr ‘warmer’?). Falk (1914b, 164 n. 3) explains the heiti as a term for an ancient helmet with a mask (cf. also gríma ‘mask’ in the next line). The word is otherwise found only in GunnlI Lv 11/8^V (Gunnl 17).

gríma ‘mask’

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gríma (noun f.; °-u): night, darkness; mask

notes

[3] gríma (f.) ‘mask’: In the sense ‘helmet’, the word occurs only in poetry (cf. OE grīmhelm, heregrīma, beadogrīma ‘battle-mask’, OHG grīmo ‘mask, helmet’). According to Falk (1914b, 164), this is the term for an ancient helmet with a mask. In prose, gríma is a hood or cowl covering the upper part of the face (see CVC: gríma). The word is also listed as a name for ‘troll-woman’ in Þul Trollkvenna 1/6 and among the heiti for ‘night’ in Þul Dœgra l. 5.

œgir ‘terrifier’

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œgir (noun m.): terrifier

notes

[3] œgir (m.) ‘terrifier’: Other than in the þulur, this heiti occurs only once in skaldic poetry, in a kenning for ‘heaven’ (Gamlkan Has 56/7^VII foldar œgis ‘helmet of the land’), but it is attested in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: ægir). The word is an agent noun from the weak verb œgja ‘frighten’ (see also Þul Sverða 8/3). See also œgishjálmr ‘helmet of terror’ and Notes to Sturl Hryn 8/8^II and Sturl Hákkv 14/2^II.

glævir ‘gleamer’

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glævir (noun m.): [gleamer]

[4] glævir: so C, ‘glǫvir’ R, ‘glouir’ Tˣ, ‘glævær’ A, ‘gle᷎fir’ B

notes

[4] glævir (m.) ‘gleamer’: A hap. leg. related to the adj. glær ‘glaring, clear’ (see Note to Þul Boga l. 3).

stefnir ‘stefnir’

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stefnir (noun m.): commander

notes

[4] stefnir (m.): Of uncertain meaning and not attested elsewhere in skaldic poetry as a heiti for helmet, although it is used in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: stefnir). The heiti may have been derived from stafn m. ‘stem, prow’ and, according to Falk (1914b, 162), could denote stem-shaped Frankish helmets (cf. Sigv Nesv 5/6^I und hjalm inn valska ‘under the Frankish helmet’, Sigv Nesv 15/3, 4^I feltk peitneskum hjalmi ‘I put on a Poitou-made helmet’, and Note to Arn Hryn 9/8^II). It could also be derived from stafn in the sense ‘gable’ or ‘hood’ (see Heggstad et al. 2008: stafn 2-3). Faulkes (SnE 1998, II, 402) suggests ‘a pointed helmet’. Alternatively, the word could be related to stofn m. ‘stump, footing’ (so AEW: stefnir 2).