Þul Jǫtna II 2III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Jǫtna heiti II 2’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 721.
notes
[1] Kyrmir: A hap. leg. The meaning of the name is uncertain, but the root may be the same as in New Norw. kyrmast ‘suffer from a difficulty breathing’, and hence a nomen agentis from a weak verb *kyrma ‘cause physical suffering’ (possibly ‘crusher’; Finnur Jónsson 1934-5, 302). Alternatively, Kyrmir is related to OE cearm, cierm ‘cry, shout’ (cf. ON kurra ‘murmur, grumble’; AEW: Kyrmir).
Suttungr ‘Suttungr’
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Suttungr (noun m.)
[1] Suttungr: om. Tˣ, ‘su[…]nngr’ B, ‘suttunngr’ 744ˣ
notes
[1] Suttungr: Father of Gunnlǫð and keeper of the mead of poetry, which was stolen from him by Óðinn (Hávm 104/6, 110/4-6; Alv 34/6; Skm, SnE 1998, I, 3-5). The name is also attested in the form Suttungi (Skí 34/3 (NK 76) synir Suttunga ‘sons of Suttungi’) and may mean ‘rusher’ (cf. New Norw. sutta ‘to rush’). The name does not appear in skaldic verse, but it is attested in the rímur (Finnur Jónsson 1926-8: Suttungr, Supt-).
Kald ‘Kald’
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kaldr (adj.; °compar. -ari): cold < Kaldgrani (noun m.)
[2] Kald‑: so C, A, B, ‘kall‑’ R, karl‑ Tˣ
notes
[2] Kaldgrani: So C, A, B. Lit. ‘Cold-mouth’, from the adj. kaldr ‘cold’ and grǫn f. ‘mouth, moustache’. In R, the first element of this cpd is spelled Kall-, which may be the assimilated form of karl m. ‘old man’, the reading of Tˣ and the LaufE mss (papp10ˣ(45r), 2368ˣ(102), 743ˣ(79v)). In Ketils saga hœngs (chs 2, 5, FSN II, 115-16, 131), Kallrani is a giant killed by Ketill; other names from that saga mentioned in the present stanza are Gusir and Ófóti (l. 6).
grani ‘grani’
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Grani (noun m.): Grani < Kaldgrani (noun m.)
notes
[2] Kaldgrani: So C, A, B. Lit. ‘Cold-mouth’, from the adj. kaldr ‘cold’ and grǫn f. ‘mouth, moustache’. In R, the first element of this cpd is spelled Kall-, which may be the assimilated form of karl m. ‘old man’, the reading of Tˣ and the LaufE mss (papp10ˣ(45r), 2368ˣ(102), 743ˣ(79v)). In Ketils saga hœngs (chs 2, 5, FSN II, 115-16, 131), Kallrani is a giant killed by Ketill; other names from that saga mentioned in the present stanza are Gusir and Ófóti (l. 6).
jǫtunn ‘giant’
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jǫtunn (noun m.; °jǫtuns, dat. jǫtni; jǫtnar): giant
Óglaðnir ‘Óglaðnir’
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Óglaðnir (noun m.)
notes
[3] Óglaðnir: Lit. ‘un-gladdener’ (a cpd not attested elsewhere).
Aurgrímnir ‘Aurgrímnir’
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Aurgrímnir (noun m.)
notes
[4] Aurgrímnir: A cpd not found elsewhere which translates as ‘clay-masked one’. This may be another name for the primeval giant Ymir (see Aurnir, Aurgelmir and Grímnir, Þul Jǫtna I 1/6, 4/7, 5/5).
Gillingr ‘Gillingr’
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Gillingr (noun m.): [for Gillingr]
[5] Gillingr: so B, grímlingr R, C, ‘grillir’ Tˣ, gyllingr A
notes
[5] Gillingr: So B. The A variant, Gyllingr, is most likely a different name derived from gull n. ‘gold’, while Grímlingr in R, C might be a variant of Grímnir. The giant Gillingr was the uncle (or the father?) of Suttungr (Skm, SnE 1998, I, 3, 153 n. 3/35). The name, which means ‘crying one’ (from the strong verb gjalla ‘cry’), is used as a determinant in a kenning for ‘poetry’ (Eyv Hál 1/3-4I).
Gripnir ‘Gripnir’
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Gripnir (noun m.): Gripnir
[5] Gripnir: so A, 744ˣ, om. R, Tˣ, C, ‘gri[…]ir’ B
notes
[5] Gripnir: Most likely from the strong verb grípa ‘grasp, grip’, and hence ‘capturer, robber’ (LP: Gripnir). The name is given only in A and 744ˣ (B); the line is defective in the other mss. A giant of this name is not known from other sources, but Gripnir is a sea-king in Þhorn Gldr 1/5I.
notes
[6] Gusir: This giant appears to be identical with the legendary king (also known as Gusi) of the Saami in North Norway, who was the owner of magic arrows (cf. Ketils saga hœngs, FSN II, 118-22 and Ǫrvar-Odds saga, FSN II, 173, 511). See also Refr Ferðv 5/4 and Gusi Lv 1/1-2VIII (Ket 3b). The name could mean ‘rusher’ (from the strong verb gjósa ‘gush, spurt out, break out’).
notes
[6] Ófóti: This name could mean ‘one from Ófótafjǫrðr’, i.e. Ofotfjorden in northern Norway (see Þul Fjarða l. 2), and a giant of this name is mentioned in Ketils saga hœngs (Ket ch. 5, FSN II, 131): Ófóti úr Ófótansfirði ‘Ófóti from Ofotfjorden’. The name is also found in the form Ófótan in OStór (ch. 8, Flat 1860-8, I, 529). Ms. C has the variant Ofláti ‘showy one’, which opens the third stanza of the þula in that ms. (see Introduction above).
Hlói ‘Hlói’
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Hlói (noun m.)
[7] Hlói Ganglati: ok ganglati ofláti hlói C, ‘hl[…]i’ A, ‘g[…]la[…]i’ B, ‘hloí gannglati’ 744ˣ
notes
[7] Hlói: A hap. leg. Perhaps ‘bellower’ (related to the weak verb hlóa ‘bellow, roar’).
Ganglati ‘Ganglati’
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Ganglati (noun m.)
[7] Hlói Ganglati: ok ganglati ofláti hlói C, ‘hl[…]i’ A, ‘g[…]la[…]i’ B, ‘hloí gannglati’ 744ˣ
notes
[7] Ganglati: Lit. ‘walk-lazy one’ (from the strong verb ganga ‘go, walk’ or the noun gangr m. ‘walk, going’ and the adj. latr ‘lazy, slow’). A male slave or servant of Hel, Loki’s daughter, who presided over the realm of the dead in Old Norse myth. Cf. also the f. form Ganglǫt, Hel’s maid-servant (for both names, see Gylf, SnE 2005, 27). In C this name occupies the last position in st. 2 and is followed by Ofláti, Hlói ok Helreginn (st. 3/1-2).
Helreginn ‘Helreginn’
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Helreginn (noun m.)
notes
[8] Helreginn: A hap. leg. The first element of this cpd is either the proper name Hel (see the previous Note) or the common noun hel f. ‘death’. The second element is reginn m. sg. from regin n. pl. ‘divine powers, gods’. See Þul Dverga 6/4, Þloft Glækv 9/10I and Notes there.
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[5-6]: In ms. C these lines, which are the last in st. 2 (see Introduction above and Note to l. 5 below), contain the following names: Grimlingr, Gusir | ok Ganglati. Owing to scribal error (dittography), the name Grimlingr is given twice, but in the second word, <m> has been underscored, indicating that the letter ought to be deleted, hence ‘grilingr’.
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