Þul Hrúts 1III
Elena Gurevich (ed.) 2017, ‘Anonymous Þulur, Hrúts heiti 1’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 891.
Hrútr ‘Ram’
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hrútr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): [ram]
[1] Hrútr: ‘[…]rútr’ B, Hrútr 744ˣ
ofrhyrningr ‘mighty-horned one’
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ofrhyrningr (noun m.): [mighty-horned one]
notes
[1] ofrhyrningr (m.) ‘mighty-horned one’: A hap. leg. whose first element is the prefix ofr- ‘excessive, extreme’, which is frequently used in compounds. The second is derived from horn n. ‘horn’.
hornum ‘horn’
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horn (noun n.; °-s; -): horn < hornumskvali (noun m.)
notes
[2] hornumskvali (m.) ‘horn-clamourer’: Lit. ‘clamourer with horns’ (SnE 1998, II, 316). The first element is dat. pl. of horn n. ‘horn’, and the second element is related to the weak verb skvala ‘squeal, shout, yell, clamour’ and skval n. ‘squeal, noisy talk’. This cpd is not attested elsewhere. For a similar construction in which the first element is in the dat. pl., see eggjumskarpi ‘edge-sharp one’ (Þul Sverða 4/6).
skvali ‘clamourer’
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skvali (noun m.): [clamourer] < hornumskvali (noun m.)
[2] ‑skvali: ‑skáli Tˣ, A, B
notes
[2] hornumskvali (m.) ‘horn-clamourer’: Lit. ‘clamourer with horns’ (SnE 1998, II, 316). The first element is dat. pl. of horn n. ‘horn’, and the second element is related to the weak verb skvala ‘squeal, shout, yell, clamour’ and skval n. ‘squeal, noisy talk’. This cpd is not attested elsewhere. For a similar construction in which the first element is in the dat. pl., see eggjumskarpi ‘edge-sharp one’ (Þul Sverða 4/6).
notes
[3] gumarr: This heiti could be the same word as the first element in OSwed. gummerlamb ‘ram’ (cf. also New Norw. gumsa ‘sheep’, ModSwed. gumse ‘ram’ and ON gemla ‘one-year-old sheep’, gemlingr ‘one-year-old ram’; see AEW: gumarr).
hornglóinn ‘horn-glowing one’
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hornglóinn (noun m.): [horn-glowing one]
notes
[3] hornglóinn (m.) ‘horn-glowing one’: The second element of this cpd is related to the weak verb glóa ‘glow’. The cpd does not occur elsewhere, but in A and B this heiti appears again in the variant form hornglói (see Note to l. 5).
gjald ‘gjald’
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gjald (noun n.): payment, reward, return < gjaldhróinn (noun m.)
[4] gjald‑: gjall‑ C
notes
[4] gjaldhróinn: The meaning of this hap. leg. is not clear. The second element of the cpd, ‑hróinn, is especially problematic and earlier attempts to explain this word are conjectural (see Holthausen 1948, 129, Alexander Jóhannesson 1951-6, 229, AEW: gjaldhróinn, ‑hróinn and SnE 1998, II, 288 for tentative suggestions). See also hornhróinn (l. 7 below).
hróinn ‘hróinn’
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hróinn (noun m.): [hróinn] < gjaldhróinn (noun m.)
notes
[4] gjaldhróinn: The meaning of this hap. leg. is not clear. The second element of the cpd, ‑hróinn, is especially problematic and earlier attempts to explain this word are conjectural (see Holthausen 1948, 129, Alexander Jóhannesson 1951-6, 229, AEW: gjaldhróinn, ‑hróinn and SnE 1998, II, 288 for tentative suggestions). See also hornhróinn (l. 7 below).
notes
[5] hveðurr (m.) ‘roarer’: A hap. leg., as is the A, B variant hveðruðr. Cf. OE hweoðerian ‘roar, bellow’ (AEW: hveðra, hveðurr). See also the related names Hveðra (Þul Trollkvenna 2/7 and Note) and Hveðrungr (Þul Jǫtna I 1/7 and Note).
hornglói ‘horn-glowing one’
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hornglói (noun m.): [horn-glowing one]
[5] hornglói: so A, B, om. R, Tˣ, C
Hallinskíði ‘Hallinskíði’
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Hallinskíði (noun m.): Hallinskíði
notes
[6] Hallinskíði: Probably lit. ‘one with slanting sticks’ from the adj. hallr ‘slanting, leaning to one side’ and skíð n. ‘stick of wood, ski’ (so Turville-Petre 1964, 151; for other interpretations, see AEW: Hallinskíði). The word does not occur elsewhere as a ram-heiti, but in Gylf (SnE 2005, 25) Hallinskíði is a name for the god Heimdallr. Considering that this is not the only heiti for ‘ram’ connected with the name of that god in the present þula (cf. Heimdali in l. 8), Turville-Petre (loc. cit.) suggests that Heimdallr was associated with the ram. See also Note to Glúmr Gráf 14/1, 2I.
notes
[7] berr: A hap. leg. that may be connected with the weak verb berja ‘strike, beat’, hence lit. ‘beater’. Cf. ModIcel. barri ‘booby’, New Norw., ModSwed. dialects barre ‘ram’ (ÍO: berr, barri 1).
horn ‘horn’
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horn (noun n.; °-s; -): horn < hornhróinn (noun m.)
hróinn ‘hróinn’
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hróinn (noun m.): [hróinn] < hornhróinn (noun m.)
[7] ‑hróinn: ‘‑\h/roin’ or ‘‑\h/rom’ Tˣ, om. B
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
[8] ok Heimdali: hveðr, hornglóinn, heimdali Tˣ, om. B
Heimdali ‘Heimdali’
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heimdali (noun m.): heimdali
[8] ok Heimdali: hveðr, hornglóinn, heimdali Tˣ, om. B
notes
[8] Heimdali: According to Finnur Jónsson (LP: heimdali), this heiti is unlikely to be connected with the name of the god Heimdallr (but cf. Hallinskíði and Note to l. 6 above). If heimdali is a characterising heiti, it may be interpreted either as ‘world-arc’ or as ‘world-bow’ (the first element from heimr m. in the sense ‘world’ and the second element from dalr m. ‘bow, dale’; Hellquist 1891, 171-2).
miðjungr ‘middler’
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Miðjungr (noun m.; °; -ar): Miðjungr, giants
notes
[9] miðjungr (m.) ‘middler’: As a ram-heiti the word does not occur elsewhere, but Miðjungr is the name of a giant (see Note to Þul Jǫtna I 6/4).
notes
[10] blær (m.) ‘bleater’: Blær is also a sword-heiti (see Note to Þul Sverða 8/6), but it is not found elsewhere as a heiti for ‘ram’.
mǫrðr ‘mǫrðr’
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mǫrðr (noun m.): [mǫrðr]
ok ‘and’
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3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
veðr ‘wether’
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2. veðr (noun n.; °-s; -): weather, wind, storm
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Other than hrútr m. ‘ram’ (l. 1), bekri m. ‘bellower’ (l. 7) and veðr m. ‘wether’ (l. 8), none of the heiti listed in this stanza occurs elsewhere as heiti for ‘ram’, though some of them are used in other sources with different referents. — [5]: The line is defective in mss R, Tˣ, C and contains only the first of the two heiti. Since hornglói ‘horn-glowing one’ is a variant of the ram-name already mentioned in l. 3, it is possible that this heiti was added at some point in the antecedent of the A, B redaction to fill the lacuna.
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