Gsind Hákdr 7I
Russell Poole (ed.) 2012, ‘Guthormr sindri, Hákonardrápa 7’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 166.
text and translation
Almdrógar varð œgis
opt sinn, en þess minnumk,
barma ǫld fyr Baldri
bensíks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt bríkar
brœðr síns ok rak — flœðu
undan — allar kindir
Eireks á haf snekkjum.
{Ǫld {barma {œgis almdrógar}}} varð opt sinn vita ríkis fyr {Baldri {bensíks}}, en minnumk þess. {{Bríkar bǫð}sœkir} helt snekkjum á haf ok rak allar kindir Eireks, brœðr síns; flœðu undan.
‘The progeny of the brother of the intimidator of the bow-string [WARRIOR = Hákon > = Eiríkr blóðøx > = Eiríkssynir] were obliged many a time to realise [his, Hákon’s] power in the face of the Baldr <god> of the wound-fish [SWORD > WARRIOR = Hákon], and I commemorate this. The attacker of the battle-board [(lit. ‘battle-attacker of the board’) SHIELD > WARRIOR = Hákon] steered warships out to sea and chased all the sons of Eiríkr, his brother; they fled away.’
notes and context
Hákon pursues Eiríkr’s sons to Austr-Agðir (Aust-Agder), from where they sail southwards across the sea to Jótland (Jutland).
[5-8]: A very difficult passage, which at least on the basis of present knowledge cannot be construed without emendation or the postulation of rare forms and/or usages. There are variant readings for Eireks and snekkjum, and the readings brœðr, síns, rak and flœðu have been extensively debated. (a) In this edn, bríkar bǫðsœkir (l. 5) is construed as a warrior-kenning (cf. Meissner 167, 172, 305) and flœðu (l. 6) as ‘fled’, 3rd pers. pl. pret. indic. from flœja (later flýja) ‘to flee’. The noun brœðr (l. 6) is construed, following Björn Magnússon Ólsen (1886, 193-5), as gen. sg., qualified by síns, thus ‘of his brother’. Although generally a late and quite rare form (ANG §420, Anm. 1) and questioned by Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26), gen. sg. brœðr could have arisen analogically, e.g. from the dat. sg., where bróður and brœðr both occur (LP: bróðir). It could be used here as a poetic licence. The adverbial á haf ‘out to sea’ is most readily explained as an apo koinou, going with both helt ‘held, steered’ (l. 5) and rak ‘drove, chased’ (l. 6). (b) Finnur Jónsson (Hkr 1893-1901, IV; Skj B) reads bríkar bǫðsœkir helt snekkjum sínum á haf, ok brœðr, allar kindir Eireks, flœðu undan ‘the attacker of the battle-board [(lit. ‘battle-attacker of the board’) SHIELD > WARRIOR] held his warships out to sea and the brothers, all the sons of Eiríkr, fled away’. Rak ‘drove’ is omitted, as in J, but its absence from this ms. is clearly the outcome of simple error (cf. Reichardt 1928, 174). Also entailed is emendation of síns to sínum, qualifying snekkjum, and the resulting l. 6, brœðr sínum ok flœðu, with ok ‘and’ in fourth position, is suspect on metrical grounds. (c) Björn Magnússon Ólsen (1886, 193-5) reads bríkar bǫðsœkir helt snekkjum á haf, ok rak flœða undan allar kindir Eireks, brœðr síns ‘the attacker of the battle-board [(lit. ‘battle-attacker of the board’) SHIELD > WARRIOR] held [his] warships out to sea and drove away all the sons of Eiríkr, his brother, put to flight’. As Björn himself notes, the morphology and syntax of flœða are unclear; it should agree with kindir ‘sons’ as f. acc. pl. (cf. Reichardt 1928, 175). (d) Kock (NN §251) proposes a variation on Finnur Jónsson’s second clause, emending brœðr to bróður, síns to hans, and ok rak to auk: allar kindir Eireks, bróður hans, auk flœðu ‘all the sons of Eiríkr, his brother, also fled.’ Kock himself saw this as purely provisional and subsequently (NN §1933) modified it to read rak flœði ‘thrust over the wave’. (e) Reichardt (1928, 173-6; cf. ÍF 26; Hkr 1991), partly following Sveinbjörn Egilsson (LP (1860): flæðr f. 2. ‘sea’), reads flœða bríkar bǫðsœkir helt snekkjum á haf, ok rak undan allar kindir Eireks, brœðr síns ‘the seeker of the battle of the board of the sea [(lit. ‘battle-seeker of the board of the sea’) SHIP > SEA-BATTLE > SEAFARING WARRIOR] held his warships out to sea and drove away all the sons of Eiríkr, his brother’. (f) Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson (ÍF 26) accepts Reichardt’s solution, modifying flœða to flœðu, still with the sense ‘sea’, a step already suggested by Reichardt (1928, 176). This entails accepting flœðu as gen. sg. of an unattested noun *flœða, corresponding to flœð(r) ‘flooding’.
readings
- [1] ‑drógar: ‑draugar J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 325IX 1 a, Bb
- [1] varð: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 325IX 1 a, var Kˣ, 39, F, Bb
- [2] sinn: sinni 325IX 1 a
- [2] en: so 39, 61, 53, 325IX 1 a, enn Kˣ, J1ˣ, J2ˣ, Bb, er F
- [2] þess: þat 325IX 1 a, Bb
- [2] minnumk: minnisk Bb
- [3] barma: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 325IX 1 a, Bb, harma Kˣ, 39, F
- [3] Baldri: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 325IX 1 a, Bb, haldi Kˣ, F, ‘halldri’ 39
- [4] ben‑: so J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 61, 53, 325IX 1 a, Bb, hein‑ Kˣ, F, ‘hen‑’ 39
- [4] ‑síks: ‑slíks 325IX 1 a
- [5] bríkar: ‘beikar’ Bb
- [6] rak: om. J1ˣ, J2ˣ
- [7] undan: undar Bb
- [7] allar: allir 53, 325IX 1 a, Bb
- [8] Eireks: Eirík 39, F, Eiríkr J1ˣ, J2ˣ, 53, 325IX 1 a, Bb
- [8] snekkjum: skeiðum 61, 53, 325IX 1 a, Bb
sources
Text is based on reconstruction from the base text and variant apparatus and may contain alternative spellings and other normalisations not visible in the manuscript text. Transcriptions may not have been checked and should not be cited.
-
AM 35 folx (Kx) — 95v/25 - 96r/3
imagesAlmdrógar var œgis
opt sinn, enn þess minnumk,
harma ǫld fyr haldi
hein-síks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt bríkar
brœðr síns ok rak — flœðu
undan — allar kindir
Eireks á haf snekkjum.Almdro⸌ꜹ⸍gar
var(vard) ægis | (opt siɴen⸌er⸍ ec þess[23] miɴumz | harma ꜹlld fra ⸌fyrir⸍ scalldi[24] |heinsícs[25] vita rikis | bꜹð sǫkir he⸌æ⸍llt brícar || brǫðr sins og racfloþa(flæda)[26] | undan allar kindir | linrsa haf-sneckiom[27] |(VEÞ)
-
AM 39 fol (39) — 1vb/6 - 1vb/10
imagesAlmdrógar var œgis
opt sinn, en þess minnumk,
harma ǫld fyr †halldri†
†hen-†síks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt bríkar
brœðr síns ok rak — flœðu
undan — allar kindir
Eirík á haf snekkjum.Almdrogar var ægis opt sinn en ec þeꜱ | miɴumzc ha⸌r⸍ḷma aulld fyrir halldri hen | sics vita rikis · bauð sækir hellt bricar bre | dr sins ok rac flæðo vndan allar kindir eirik | a haf sneckiom .
(VEÞ)
-
AM 45 fol (F) — 16vb/26 - 16vb/29
imagesAlmdrógar var œgis
opt sinn, er þess minnumk,
harma ǫld fyr haldi
hein-síks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt bríkar
brœðr síns ok rak — flœðu
undan — allar kindir
Eirík á haf snekkjum.Almdrógar var | ǿ̨gís ópt síɴ er ek þess míɴvmz harma ꜹlld fyrir halldi heín síks | víta rikís · bꜹð sø̨kir hellt brikar brø̨ðr síns ok rak flø̨ðo | vɴdan allar kiɴdir eírík a haf sneckiom ·
(VEÞ)
-
AM 37 folx (J1x) — 58r/3 - 58r/6
imagesAlm-draugar varð œgis
opt sinn, enn þess minnumk,
barma ǫld fyr Baldri
bensíks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt bríkar
brœðr síns ok — flœðu
undan — allar kindir
Eiríkr á haf snekkjum.Almdrꜹgar uarð ægis opt sinn enn ek þæss minnumz | barma ꜹlld fyrir balldri bænsiks uita rikis bꜹd sǫkir | hællt brikar brǫþr sins oc flǫðu unndan allar | kinndir eriks a haf snækium ·
(VEÞ)
-
AM 38 folx (J2x) — 54r/21 - 54r/28
Alm-draugar varð œgis
images
opt sinn, enn þess minnumk,
barma ǫld fyr Baldri
bensíks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt bríkar
brœðr síns ok — flœðu
undan — allar kindir
Eiríkr á haf snekkjum. -
AM 61 fol (61) — 5va/21 - 5va/25
imagesAlm-draugar varð œgis
opt sinn, en þess minnumk,
barma ǫld fyr Baldri
bensíks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt bríkar
brœðr síns ok rak — flœðu
undan — allar kindir
Eireks á haf skeiðum.Alm draugar uarð ægis opt | sinn en ek þess minnumz barma aulld fyrir balldri bensiks uíta | rikis . bauð sœkir helt brikar . bræðr sins ok rak flœðu un | dan allar kindir . eiriks ꜳ haf skeiðum .
(VEÞ)
-
AM 53 fol (53) — 4va/28 - 4va/32
imagesAlm-draugar varð œgis
opt sinn, en þess minnumk,
barma ǫld fyr Baldri
bensíks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt bríkar
brœðr síns ok rak — flœðu
undan — allir kindir
Eiríkr á haf skeiðum.Almdravgar vard œgiss opt | sinn . en ek þess minnumz barma olld fyrir balldri | bensiks vita rikis . bavdsœkir hellt brikar | brœdr sins ok rak flædv vndan allir kindir | Eiriks a hafskeidum .
(VEÞ)
-
AM 325 IX 1 a 4° (325IX 1 a) — 2ra/24 - 2ra/27 [1-3, 6-8, 4, 5]
imagesAlm-draugar varð œgis
opt sinni, en þat minnumk,
barma ǫld fyr Baldri
ben-slíks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt bríkar
brœðr síns ok rak — flœðu
undan — allir kindir
Eiríkr á haf skeiðum.Almdraugar vard œgiss · op | t sínni en ek þat mínnumz barma aulld fyrir balldri · br | œdr síns ok rak flœdv · vndan allir kíndir · eirikr | a haf skeidum · bensliks vita rikiss · baudsœkir he | llt brikar ·
(VEÞ)
-
Holm perg 1 fol (Bb) — 7rb/12 - 7rb/16 [1-3, 6-8, 5, 4]
imagesAlm-draugar var œgis
opt sinn, enn þat minnisk,
barma ǫld fyr Baldri
bensíks vita ríkis.
Bǫðsœkir helt †beikar†
brœðr síns ok rak — flœðu
undar — allir kindir
Eiríkr á haf skeiðum.Alm | draugar var ægís opt sínn enn ek þat minniz . barma | aulld fyrir baldri brœdr síns ok rak flœdo . vndar | allir kindir Eirik ꜳ̋ haf skeidum baudsækir helt | beikar bensiks vita rikis .
(VEÞ)
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