Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Snorri Sturluson, Háttatal 32’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1138.
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
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þreifa (verb): feel with hand
[1] skarpt ‘vigorously’: This could also be an adj. qualifying él ‘storm’ (skarpt él ‘vigourous storm’).
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3. of (prep.): around, from; too
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Skúli (noun m.; °-a): Skúli
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snarr (adj.): gallant, bold < snarvindr (noun m.): [biting winds]
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snarr (adj.): gallant, bold < snarvindr (noun m.): [biting winds]
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snarr (adj.): gallant, bold < snarvindr (noun m.): [biting winds]
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1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind < snarvindr (noun m.): [biting winds]
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1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind < snarvindr (noun m.): [biting winds]
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1. vindr (noun m.; °-s/-ar; -ar): wind < snarvindr (noun m.): [biting winds]
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1. lind (noun f.): linden-shield, linden tree
[2] lindar ‘of the linden-spear’: Lit. ‘of the linden’. See Note to st. 9/2 above.
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1. lind (noun f.): linden-shield, linden tree
[2] lindar ‘of the linden-spear’: Lit. ‘of the linden’. See Note to st. 9/2 above.
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1. lind (noun f.): linden-shield, linden tree
[2] lindar ‘of the linden-spear’: Lit. ‘of the linden’. See Note to st. 9/2 above.
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1. verða (verb): become, be
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hvass (adj.; °-an; -ari, -astr): keen, sharp
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í (prep.): in, into
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hǫgg (noun n.; °-s, dat. hǫggvi/hǫggi; -): blow
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hræ (noun n.; °; -): corpse, carrion
[4] hræs: so all others, hræss R
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dynr (noun m.; °dat. -; -ir): din < dynbrunnr (noun m.)
[4] dyn‑: dun‑ Tˣ
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brunnr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i; -ar): spring, well < dynbrunnr (noun m.)
[4] ‑brunnum: so all others, ‘‑bronnvm’ R
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2. seimr (noun m.; °dat. -i): gold < seimþreytir (noun m.)
[5] Seim‑: so all others, sveim‑ R
[5] seimþreytir ‘gold-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN]’: If the R variant is retained, sveimþreytir could be construed as ‘turmoil-labourer’ i.e. ‘warrior’ (preferred by Konráð Gíslason 1895-7 and SnE 2007), but that is unlikely in view of the reading of the majority of the mss. Þreytir is an agent noun from the weak verb þreyta ‘complete, exhaust, contend, compete, try’.
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þreytir (noun m.): destroyer, wager, tester < seimþreytir (noun m.)
[5] seimþreytir ‘gold-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN]’: If the R variant is retained, sveimþreytir could be construed as ‘turmoil-labourer’ i.e. ‘warrior’ (preferred by Konráð Gíslason 1895-7 and SnE 2007), but that is unlikely in view of the reading of the majority of the mss. Þreytir is an agent noun from the weak verb þreyta ‘complete, exhaust, contend, compete, try’.
[5] bjó: hjó Tˣ
[5] bjó ‘adorned’: The Tˣ variant hjó ‘struck, hew’ is difficult to accommodate syntactically. In R, bjó has been altered to hjó (R*).
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sveiti (noun m.; °-a): blood
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snjallr (adj.): quick, resourceful, bold
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il (noun f.; °; -jar): footsole < ilstafn (noun m.)
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stafn (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): prow < ilstafn (noun m.)
[6] ‑stafna: ‑stafni W
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hrafn (noun m.; °hrafns; dat. hrafni; hrafnar): raven
[7] Páll: Páll dróttseti ‘Steward’ was a retainer of King Ingi Bárðarson (r. 1204-17), Skúli’s half-brother. Páll was killed by Skúli and Jón Austrátt ‘from Austrått’ in Trondheim in 1213, but no battle is mentioned in connection with his death (see Bǫgl 1988, II, 126).
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1. verða (verb): become, be
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3. und (prep.): under, underneath
[7] fet ‘the footsteps’: The Tˣ, W variant fit ‘foot, limb’ is equally possible, but fót ‘foot’ (U) is unmetrical (the metre requires a short syllable in position 4).
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falla (verb): fall
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fram (adv.): out, forth, forwards, away
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þrábarn (noun n.): [beloved child]
[8] þrábarni (n. dat. sg.) ‘of the beloved child’: Possessive dat. The first element in this cpd is either derived from the f. noun þrá ‘longing, yearning’ or from the n. noun þrá ‘obstinacy’. If the latter meaning is chosen, the cpd could be understood as ‘the obstinate child’ (see þrátt ‘obstinately’, st. 33/3 below).
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1. ǫrn (noun m.; °arnar, dat. erni; ernir, acc. ǫrnu): eagle
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Él þreifsk skarpt of Skúla |
The storm of the cloud of the biting winds of the linden-spear [BATTLE > SHIELD > BATTLE] grew vigorously around Skúli; the sharp blade became drenched with rushing fountains of carrion [BLOOD] during the blows. The brave gold-destroyer [GENEROUS MAN] adorned the foot-sole prows [CLAWS] of the raven with blood; Páll had to fall forwards beneath the footsteps of the beloved child of the eagle [EAGLE].
The dróttkvætt variant is riðhent ‘rocking-rhymed’, which is similar to bragarbót ‘poem’s improvement’ (see st. 31 above) except that the trisyllabic compounds are found in the even rather than in the odd lines.
The headings are 25 (Tˣ) and liðhendum ‘with helping rhymes’ (U(47R)). For this variant, see SnE 2007, 57-8 and Gade (1995a, 116, 259 nn. 6, 7). For liðhent, see sts 41 and 53 below. The name of the verse-form, riðhent ‘rocking-rhymed’, refers to the proximity of the internal rhymes (with only an unstressed, enclitic syllable between them).
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