Kari Ellen Gade (ed.) 2017, ‘Rǫgnvaldr jarl and Hallr Þórarinsson, Háttalykill 71’ in Kari Ellen Gade and Edith Marold (eds), Poetry from Treatises on Poetics. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 3. Turnhout: Brepols, p. 1080.
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Óláfr (noun m.): Óláfr
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rjóða (verb): to redden
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í (prep.): in, into
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él (noun n.; °; dat. -um): storm
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1. Yggr (noun m.): Yggr
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2. slíðr (noun n.; °; -): sheath
[2] bryggjur slíðra ‘bridges of scabbards [SWORDS]’: This is given variously as a kenning for ‘shield’ or ‘sword’ in LP (bryggja; 1. slíðr), but would appear to mean ‘sword’ in the present context. The referent ‘sword’ can be explained by the use of ‘bridge’ as a variation of ‘piece of wood’ which is qualified by ‘scabbard’.
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1. bryggja (noun f.; °-u; -ur, gen. bryggna): landing, bridge, gangway, quay
[2] bryggjur slíðra ‘bridges of scabbards [SWORDS]’: This is given variously as a kenning for ‘shield’ or ‘sword’ in LP (bryggja; 1. slíðr), but would appear to mean ‘sword’ in the present context. The referent ‘sword’ can be explained by the use of ‘bridge’ as a variation of ‘piece of wood’ which is qualified by ‘scabbard’.
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1. vita (verb): know
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4. at (conj.): that
[3] vísi ‘the lord’: See Note to st. 19/3.
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2. eiga (verb; °á/eigr (præs. pl. 3. pers. eigu/eiga); átti, áttu; átt): own, have
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1. víða (adv.): widely
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1. brynja (noun f.; °-u (dat. brynnoni Gibb 38⁹); -ur): mailcoat
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hríð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): time, storm
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hirð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir/-ar(FskB 53)): retinue
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ráða (verb): advise, rule, interpret, decide
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1. gramr (noun m.): ruler
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í (prep.): in, into
[5] í Gǫrðum ‘in Russia’: Refers to Novgorod, north-western Russia (see Note to Hharð Gamv 1/7-8II). Óláfr was born in Norway, but raised in Russia (see ÓTHkr chs. 6-9, ÍF 26, 230-2).
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Garðar (noun m.): Russia
[5] í Gǫrðum ‘in Russia’: Refers to Novgorod, north-western Russia (see Note to Hharð Gamv 1/7-8II). Óláfr was born in Norway, but raised in Russia (see ÓTHkr chs. 6-9, ÍF 26, 230-2).
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gleðja (verb): gladden, rejoice
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þurs (noun m.; °þurs, dat. þursi/þurs; þursar): giant, ogre, monster
[6] kveðju þursa ‘with the greeting of giants [GOLD]’: This kenning for ‘gold’ alludes to a myth briefly described in Skm in which a giant’s wealth is measured in mouthfulls (see SnE 1998, I, 3 and Note to Anon Bjark 5/8). By extension, this base-word pattern could refer to words/speech that issue from the mouth.
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1. kveðja (noun f.; °-u; -ur): greeting
[6] kveðju þursa ‘with the greeting of giants [GOLD]’: This kenning for ‘gold’ alludes to a myth briefly described in Skm in which a giant’s wealth is measured in mouthfulls (see SnE 1998, I, 3 and Note to Anon Bjark 5/8). By extension, this base-word pattern could refer to words/speech that issue from the mouth.
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2. fœða (verb): to feed, give food to, bring up, bear, give birth to
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2. en (conj.): but, and
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fylkir (noun m.): leader
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2. styðja (verb): protect, support
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fróðr (adj.; °compar. -ari, superl. -astr): wise
[8] sygnskar ‘of Sogn’: The ms. spelling of this word (‘sijnscar’ papp25ˣ; ‘Synscar’ R683ˣ) must have resulted from the loss of medial [g] in Rugman’s exemplar (see Note to st. 69/5). Sogn is a district in western Norway. Sveinbjörn Egilsson (SnE 1848, 246) retains the R683ˣ reading (normalised as synskar), which he takes as a variant form of sœnskar ‘Swedish’. That ethnic adj. makes no sense in the context, however (see st. 72 below).
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þjóð (noun f.; °-ar, dat. -/-u; -ir): people
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Óláfr rauð í éli |
Óláfr reddened bridges of scabbards [SWORDS] in the hailstorm of Yggr <= Óðinn> [BATTLE]; I know that the lord had storm-winds of the byrnie [BATTLES] far and wide. The ruler, raised in Russia, gladdened the retinue with the greeting of giants [GOLD], and the people of Sogn supported the sagacious leader.
There is no heading, but the metre corresponds to SnSt Ht 30 (draugsháttr ‘ghost’s verse-form’ or ‘trunk’s verse-form’). This is a dróttkvætt-variant in which the even lines are trochaic (Type A) with hendingar in metrical positions 1 and 5.
Even lines of Type A are quite common in dróttkvætt poetry. It is not clear why lines with a regular, trochaic beat or rhythm would be labelled ‘ghost’s verse-form’ or ‘trunk’s verse-form’. — The king commemorated is Óláfr Tryggvason, king of Norway (r. 995-1000; see ÓT, ÓTOdd, ÍF 26, 225-372, ÍF 29, 141-62, Anon Nkt 19-22II and his Biography in SkP I).
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