Katrina Attwood (ed.) 2007, ‘Gamli kanóki, Harmsól 21’ in Margaret Clunies Ross (ed.), Poetry on Christian Subjects. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 7. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 21-2.
(not checked:)
endr (adv.): formerly, once, again
(not checked:)
2. vera (verb): be, is, was, were, are, am
(not checked:)
2. berja (verb; °barði; barðr/bariðr/barinn): fight
[1] barðr ok bundinn ‘beaten and bound’: This theme is also present in Líkn’s account of the Crucifixion (15/7-8): píndr var hann berr ok bundinn barðr ‘bare he was tortured and beaten bound’.
(not checked:)
3. ok (conj.): and, but; also
[1] barðr ok bundinn ‘beaten and bound’: This theme is also present in Líkn’s account of the Crucifixion (15/7-8): píndr var hann berr ok bundinn barðr ‘bare he was tortured and beaten bound’.
(not checked:)
binda (verb; °bindr; batt/bant(cf. [$332$]), bundu; bundinn): bind, tie
[1] barðr ok bundinn ‘beaten and bound’: This theme is also present in Líkn’s account of the Crucifixion (15/7-8): píndr var hann berr ok bundinn barðr ‘bare he was tortured and beaten bound’.
(not checked:)
buðlungr (noun m.; °; -ar): king, prince
[2] buðlungr: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘[...]udlu[...]’ B
(not checked:)
1. megin (noun n.; °-s, dat. magni/megni/megin(HirðB 398¹⁹); -): might, strength; very < meginþungr (adj.)
(not checked:)
þungr (adj.): heavy < meginþungr (adj.)
(not checked:)
hlýrnir (noun m.): heaven, heavenly body
(not checked:)
hlýrnir (noun m.): heaven, heavenly body
(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
(not checked:)
eldr (noun m.; °-s, dat. -i/-(HómÍsl¹(1993) 24v²⁴); -ar): fire
(not checked:)
af (prep.): from
(not checked:)
hǫlðr (noun m.; °-s; -ar): man
(not checked:)
3. hár (adj.; °-van; compar. hǽrri, superl. hǽstr): high
(not checked:)
fyr (prep.): for, over, because of, etc.
(not checked:)
sekð (noun f.; °-ar; -ir): guilt
(not checked:)
várr (pron.; °f. ór/vár; pl. órir/várir): our
(not checked:)
2. enn (adv.): still, yet, again
(not checked:)
láta (verb): let, have sth done
(not checked:)
alda (noun f.; °; *-ur): wave
(not checked:)
alda (noun f.; °; *-ur): wave
(not checked:)
alda (noun f.; °; *-ur): wave
(not checked:)
runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree
[5] runna: ‘ru[...]a’ B, ‘runa’ 399a‑bˣ, runna BRydberg, BFJ
(not checked:)
runnr (noun m.; °dat. -i/-; -ar): bush, tree
[5] runna: ‘ru[...]a’ B, ‘runa’ 399a‑bˣ, runna BRydberg, BFJ
(not checked:)
1. angr (noun m.; °angrs, dat. angri/angr): grief < angrstríðir (noun m.)
[6] angr‑: so 399a‑bˣ, ‘an[...]’ B
(not checked:)
stríðir (noun m.): opponent, fighter < angrstríðir (noun m.)
(not checked:)
þú (pron.; °gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik): you
(not checked:)
síðan (adv.): later, then
(not checked:)
vigg (noun n.): steed
(not checked:)
vigg (noun n.): steed
(not checked:)
vigg (noun n.): steed
(not checked:)
meðal (prep.): between
[7] meðal vándra seggja ‘between wicked men’: The homiletic nature of the language is confirmed by comparison with the phraseology of HómÍsl’s Passio Domini sermon: Cristr lét sér sóma at deyia meþal vandra manna ‘Christ made it fitting for himself to die between wicked men’ (HómÍsl 1872, 68).
(not checked:)
vándr (adj.): wicked
[7] meðal vándra seggja ‘between wicked men’: The homiletic nature of the language is confirmed by comparison with the phraseology of HómÍsl’s Passio Domini sermon: Cristr lét sér sóma at deyia meþal vandra manna ‘Christ made it fitting for himself to die between wicked men’ (HómÍsl 1872, 68).
(not checked:)
seggr (noun m.; °; -ir): man
[7] meðal vándra seggja ‘between wicked men’: The homiletic nature of the language is confirmed by comparison with the phraseology of HómÍsl’s Passio Domini sermon: Cristr lét sér sóma at deyia meþal vandra manna ‘Christ made it fitting for himself to die between wicked men’ (HómÍsl 1872, 68).
(not checked:)
vegligr (adj.): magnificent
(not checked:)
3. á (prep.): on, at
(not checked:)
tré (noun n.; °-s; tré/trjó, gen. trjá, dat. trjóm/trjám): tree
(not checked:)
negla (verb): nail
Interactive view: tap on words in the text for notes and glosses
Endr vast barðr ok bundinn, |
Once you were beaten and bound by men because of our very heavy sins, high king of the fire of the sky [SUN > = God (= Christ)]. Further you allowed yourself afterwards to be nailed to a tree between wicked men, magnificent sin-fighter of the trees of the steed of the wave [SHIP > SEAFARERS > = God (= Christ)].
This st. represents the thematic centre of the poem, and introduces a haunting evocation of, and meditation on, the Crucifixion (sts 21-7), which focusses on Christ’s merciful response to the penitent thief. Gamli’s mastery and manipulation of the skaldic genre is clear as he simplifies both his diction and his w.o. from this point to exploit the full pathos of the scene in a stark narrative reproduced almost verbatim from the account of the Passion in the Gospel of Luke. As Fidjestøl (1993, 223) points out, Has is very carefully structured, and st. 21 is the beginning of the 25-st. stefjabálkr, which carries the central meditation, in contrast to the surrounding sermon material.
Use the buttons at the top of the page to navigate between stanzas in a poem.
The text and translation are given here, with buttons to toggle whether the text is shown in the verse order or prose word order. Clicking on indiviudal words gives dictionary links, variant readings, kennings and notes, where relevant.
This is the text of the edition in a similar format to how the edition appears in the printed volumes.
This view is also used for chapters and other text segments. Not all the headings shown are relevant to such sections.